Egypt

People 87 Million (15th) Most populous in the ME and 3rd in Africa Majority Ethnic Egyptians Bedouin Arabs, Berbers, Nubians 91% Muslim, 9% Christian (Copts)

Economy GDP $262 billion 6,600 per capita Agriculture (29%), Industry (24%), Services (47%) Tourism, 1% of world total Political instability from 2011 weakened the tourist industry

Government Semi Presidential Republic President elected every 4 years, may serve 2 terms 2014 Constitution

History 1517 Conquered by the Ottomans 1798 Invaded by Napoleon of France 1882 British Invasion 1914 British protectorate 1922 Revolution and Independence 1952 Free Officers Movement

Al Nasser, Pan Arabism 1952 Free Officers Movement Opposition to Western security arrangements Egyptian Arab Nationalism Struggle with Iraq over leadership Arab Cold War Republics vs Monarchs

Suez Crisis 1951 Anglo Egyptian Treaty abrogated ‘Playing the Superpowers’. US withdraws financial support for Aswan Dam Nationalization, Alexandria Speech, Ferdinand de Lesseps 1956 Tripartite Aggression, Britain, France, Israel Retake Suez and overthrow Nasser

Diplomatic Pressure US, USSR, UN forced withdrawal US blocked UK IMF Loans and threatened Israel with sanctions Saudi Arabia oil embargo on UK, France Canal re-opened April 1957 after the last IDF troops left Egypt in March

1967 Six Day War Nasser, “The battle will be a general one and our basic objective will be to destroy Israel“ Syria, Egypt, Jordan, Iraq Crushing defeat for the Arab coalition Loss of Sinai Peninsula

Sadat, Post-Nasserism 1970 Nasser dies Anwar al Sadat becomes president Corrective Revolution, Purge of Nasserists Political and Economic Reforms, including multi party system October war 1973, Egypt First Policy 1978 Camp David Assassinated by Egyptian Islamic Jihad 1981

Mubarak, Islamists, Revolution Normalized relations with Arab Neighbours Established pragmatic relations with the West Inclusion of moderate Islamists, managed the Muslim Brotherhood Crack down on militant groups

2011 Hosni Mubarak overthrown 2013 Mohomed Morsey of the Muslim Brotherhood serves as first democratically elected president Overthrown by Military coupe led by al Sisi Morsey imprisoned killing of protesters spying for Qatar spying for Hamas

2014 Fatah al Sisi elected 93%of vote

Islam and Politics Al Azhar founded 970 Hassan al Banna, Muslim Brotherhood 1922 Sayid Qutb executed 1967 Ayman al Zawahiri