What is really needed... Corrosion Protection Presented by: Rick Wuebbeling February 1, 2008

Agenda Common wires Alternate Wires Price comparisons Characteristics Strengths / weaknesses Alternate Wires Possible applications Price comparisons Salt Spray Analysis

Corrosion Corrosion is the gradual alteration, degradation, or eating away of a metal due to a chemical ore electrochemical reaction between it and its environment.

Common Wires Carbon Steels Plain uncoated carbon steel Strength -- $$$ lowest price Strength – Fatigue Weakness – very little corrosion protection Galvanized coated carbon steel Strength – Appearance Weakness – Possible flaking or peeling of coating Weaknesses -- Bimetallic corrosion with Copper or Brass

Common Wires Stainless Steels Stainless Steel 430 (current surcharge $.37/lb) Strength – Cheapest SS (low nickel content) Weakness – marginal improvement of corrosion protection over Galvanized wire Weaknesses – lower ductility than SS304 Stainless Steel 302/304 (current surcharge $1.29/lb) Strength – very ductile, surface appearance Strength – high temperature applications Strength – readily available Weakness – Cost Stainless Steel 316 (current surcharge $2.37/lb) Strength – Corrosion Protection Weakness – Cost(Nickel and Molybdenum) and Availability

Common Wires “Red Metals” Phosphur Bronze Strengths – Fatigue Weaknesses -- Price Brass Wire Strength– Electrical Conductivity Weaknesses – Corrosion and wear restistance Nickel Silver Strength – Formability, ductility

Other Materials Zinc Aluminum Coated Carbon Steels (95%Zn / 5%Al) Strengths – 3 to 6 times more corrosion protection than Galvanized Strengths – Price when compared to Stainless Weaknesses – Appearance, dull color Weaknesses -- Bimetallic corrosion with Copper and Brass Weakness -- Poor corrosion in strong Alkali conditions Weaknesses – Ductility compared to Stainless

Other Materials Plastic Coated Zinc Plated Carbon Wires Strength – Corrosion protection Strength – Cost compared to Stainless Strength -- Color Weaknesses—Ductility compared to annealed Stainless Weaknesses—Abrasive resistance

Other Materials Stainless Steel 204CU Strengths – cost compared to SS302(low Nickel Content) Strengths – Corrosion similar to SS302 in most applications Weaknesses – Higher annealled Tensile, but still good workability due to Copper additive Weaknesses -- Availability Weakness – Slightly inferior finish quality??

Other Materials SAF 2205 – Duplex Stainless Steel (Austenitic-Ferritic) Strengths – High Fatigue and Strength especially compared to Stainless 302 or 316 Strengths – Better Corrosion protection than SS316 Strengths – Magnetic Weaknesses – Price when compared to Stainless. However, compared to Nickel coated Oil Tempered Carbon, much cheaper. Product PRE Score = Cr%+Mo%+N% SAF2205 35 SS316 24 SS302 18 PRE determines the performance In a chloride containing environment

Corrosion Protection Galvanized wire has a life span of about 2 years in a normal atmosphere. Or 6 months along an ocean coastline.

Pricing Galvanized coated wire is used as the standard.

Summary With rising material costs, foreign competition, we all should consider alternate materials in order to stay competitive. Many times products have been over engineered, due to the fact the material costs were similar some years ago, however as certain material cost sky rocket, we need to reconsider…

Questions -- Comments