Mass Incarceration Ecosystem Mapping nathan@clark-fox.com April 25, 2018 Mass Incarceration Ecosystem Mapping Nathan Emmons Clark-Fox Family Foundation

Project Aims Map the mass incarceration ecosystem. nathan@clark-fox.com April 25, 2018 Project Aims Map the mass incarceration ecosystem. Reduce the War on Crime’s negative impacts on our country’s future. Inform community leadership to enable them to advance an effective and humane criminal justice agenda. Get the money out of mass incarceration.

Research Methods Newspapers/journalism Academic literature nathan@clark-fox.com April 25, 2018 Research Methods Newspapers/journalism The Marshall Project Current events as data points Academic literature Research reports (Economic Policy Institute) Primary source documents Conversations with experts Professors, non-profits, justice system employees Books (The New Jim Crow, Just Mercy, etc.)

Thoughts Mass incarceration is a self-perpetuating ecosystem. nathan@clark-fox.com April 25, 2018 Thoughts Mass incarceration is a self-perpetuating ecosystem. It achieves its purposes of retribution and incapacitation, but it does not achieve deterrence and rehabilitation. DESCRIPTIVE: Mass incarceration refers to the current American phenomenon of comparatively and historically extreme rates of incarceration, concentrated in poor communities of color. INTERPRETIVE: Mass incarceration should be understood as a community of interdependent members existing in an environment maintained without external intervention and is capable of preservative self-correction. community: 50 states, federal government interdependent: our decisions affect, and are affected by, all other members members: us! environment: physical, social, economic external intervention: policy entrepreneurs, advocacy preservative self-correction: finger in the dam

Total Carceral Populations nathan@clark-fox.com April 25, 2018 Total Carceral Populations 200,000 (federal) + 1,350,000 (state) + 650,000 (local) = 2,200,000 102 federal prisons 1,719 state prisons 3,362 local jails

Incarceration Rate vs. Crime Rate

Global Incarceration Rates

Cumulative Risk of Imprisonment nathan@clark-fox.com April 25, 2018 Cumulative Risk of Imprisonment Refers to MALES and not all PEOPLE the projected lifetime likelihood of serving time for a person born in a specific year. Specifically, each point reflects the percent chance that a man born within a given range of years will have spent time in prison by age thirty to thirty-four.

Incarceration Hurts Children Children with incarcerated parents: Child is more likely to experience stress and trauma Instability at home follows a child to school Stress increases risk of obesity, asthma, anxiety, poor emotional regulation, and poor memory Family is more likely to become poor Families cannot afford to lose an income source Poverty predicts a child’s educational outcomes More likely to have speech impediments Lower GPA Complete fewer years of school More likely to drop out of school

Incarceration Hurts Children The greater likelihood that children with incarcerated parents will experience physical and mental health problems

Thoughts Mass incarceration has been created, and is sustained, by: nathan@clark-fox.com April 25, 2018 Thoughts Mass incarceration has been created, and is sustained, by: (1) individual actors with personal objectives; (2) opportunistic policymakers; and (3) a complicit public.

nathan@clark-fox.com April 25, 2018 “An increase in drug use leads to an increase in simple possession arrests.”

nathan@clark-fox.com April 25, 2018 ToC Longer sentences  prison population  public perception  ToC (individual actors and acquiescent public) ToC  Community supervisions conditions  technical violations  revocation  recidivism (opportunistic policymakers and acquiescent public) ToC  Community supervisions conditions  collateral consequences  driver’s license  jobs/employment

nathan@clark-fox.com April 25, 2018 My arrows are + signs, so explain how in poor communities the issue has a flipped script

Conclusion (1) Individual actors with personal objectives; nathan@clark-fox.com April 25, 2018 Conclusion (1) Individual actors with personal objectives; (2) opportunistic policymakers; and (3) a complicit public. Study mass incarceration as an ecosystem.

Texas 800 new residential substance abuse treatment beds 3,000 more outpatient substance abuse treatment slots 2,700 substance abuse treatment beds behind bars 1,400 new intermediate sanction beds (a 90-day program for technical violations) 300 halfway-house beds 75-case maximum for parole officers

Texas 2007: 15.9 percent of probationers failed 2015: 11,000 more parolees than in 2007 2015: 17 percent fewer crimes alleged against parolees than in 2007

Change in Imprisonment Rates, 2008-2013 >10% declines: California Hawaii Rhode Island Colorado Connecticut New Jersey Alaska South Carolina Maryland New York Massachusetts Texas Missouri: 3% increase Rank: 42nd of 50

Closing Thoughts The ecosystem will not get better on its own. We, as the public, are a critical part of the ecosystem. We can demand a different system.