Chapter 10 Study Guide Review Ms. Colabelli Mrs. McDonough

What occurs in each of the following stages? Interphase: G1-growth, S – synthesis of DNA, replicating chromosomes, G2 – growing, replication of organelles. Prophase: organelles disappear, centrioles move to opposite poles. Can see chromosomes. Metaphase: Chromosomes line up at the equator, middle of the cell. Anaphase: Centromeres split and attach to the spindle fibers, chromosomes pulled Apart. Telophase: Chromosomes turn into chromatin, nuclear envelope forms. Begin to see two nuclei. Cytokinesis: cytoplasm splits into two equal parts, Plant cell has a cell plate, Animal cell has a cleavage furrow.

Which stages occur during mitosis? Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase Which stage of the cell cycle does the cell spend most of its time in? Why? Interphase because the cell is growing and preparing for cell division. What are the three stages of interphase and what do they do? G1-cell growth, S-synthesis of DNA, G2 – cell growth and organelle replication. What are the spindle fibers made of and what do they do? They are made of protein and they attach to the centromere and move the chromosomes apart. The centrioles make the spindle fibers.

Define binary fission. Define mitosis. How does cancer occur? The reproduction process of prokaryotic cells (cell division). Ex: Bacteria Define mitosis. The nucleus divides to make two new nuclei. Middle part of the cell cycle. How does cancer occur? When the cell does not respond to internal and external regulators and cyclins.

Regular functioning cells Compare cancer cells to regular functioning cells. Cancer cells Regular functioning cells Large number of dividing cells Do not respond to regulators Coarse chromatin (dark nucleus) Little cytoplasm Multiple nuclei/nucleoli Controlled diving cells Do respond to cyclins/regulators Fine chromatin A lot of cytoplasm One nucleus/nucleolus

Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis Draw each stage of the cell cycle and label the parts of the cell. Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis

How do plant and animal cells differ in cytokinesis? Plant cell has a cell plate which will eventually become the cell wall. Animal cell has a cleavage furrow. What is the difference between chromatin and chromatids? Chromatin is very thin DNA, chromatids are condensed DNA (chromatin condensed).

What is this structure? Label the picture. How is this structure important to cell division? Chromosomes are made up of DNA which codes for our genetic information. They are important because they code for each individual. Sister chromatids Centromere