THE CELL CYCLE
All organisms have a life cycle: birth growth reproduction death
Within all organisms, cells are also “born”, grow, reproduce/divide, and die. CELL TYPE LIFE SPAN Skin cell 2 weeks Red blood cell 4 months Liver cell 300-500 days Lining of the intestine 4-5 days Smooth muscle 16 years
As old cells die, new cells are produced. New cells are produced by cell division. One cell divides to form two new cells. cell division one cell two identical cells
Why are new cells produced? To replace old or dead cells To replace cells destroyed by injury Skin cells
Cells divide to produce new cells for growth and development.
Cells divide to produce a new individual --- asexual reproduction
YOU are here because of cell division. The one cell divided to produce 2, then 4, then 8, 16, 32, ….. cells You began life as one cell And continued to divide… zygote
The cell cycle A repeating sequence of cellular growth, DNA replication, and cell division .
The cell cycle can be divided into five stages: 1. Gap 1(G1): The cell carries out its normal functions. Muscle cells--- contract to move joints Intestinal cells--- absorb nutrients
A cell spends most of its time in the G1 stage. During the G1 stage: Cells also increase in size, and organelles increase in number. A cell spends most of its time in the G1 stage.
CELL CYCLE G1
2. Synthesis stage (S): The cell copies its DNA during this stage. At the end of this stage, the nucleus contains two complete sets of DNA.
CELL CYCLE S G1 DNA Is replicated
3. Gap 2 (G2) : The cell continues to carry out its normal functions, and additional growth occurs.
CELL CYCLE S G1 G2 interphase. The G1, S, and G2 stages DNA Is replicated G2 The G1, S, and G2 stages are collectively known as interphase.
4. Mitosis: The division of the cell nucleus into two identical nuclei.
CELL CYCLE CELL DIVISION
5. Cytokinesis: The division of the cytoplasm.
CELL CYCLE S G1 DNA Is replicated G2 CELL DIVISION
After the cell undergoes mitosis and cytokinesis, the two new cells produced are identical to the original cell.