MIDDLE EAST: PATTERNS OF LIFE AND MORE Objective: Students will be able to describe several aspects of life in the Middle East and analyze/evaluate the positive or negative impact of modernization within each aspect of life.

Closure Write a brief justification for the group’s rating of social change and decide if the change or lack of change for the assigned aspect of life is positive or negative for the people of Middle East. Cite at least 3 pieces of evidence to support your answer. Rate amount of Social Change: (circle one for your assigned aspect of life) Groups: Least Greatest Village Life: 1 2 3 4 5 Nomadic/Desert Life: 1 2 3 4 5 City Life: 1 2 3 4 5 Family Life: 1 2 3 4 5 Women: 1 2 3 4 5 Children: 1 2 3 4 5

Village Life Most people in small farming villages near water Small houses –sundried bricks - timber Self-sufficient Farming or herding depending on water supply Division of labor based on gender Included mosques, stores, and houses Did not like outsiders Traditional economy, extended families

Village Changes Changes slow Green Revolution Land reform Use of machines but still agriculture New water supplies – desalination Land reform Some electricity Move to cities for better life New jobs Money economy Connection to outside world

Middle East Village

Nomadic Life Highland nomads/Bedouins (desert nomads) Areas unsuitable for farming-moved with seasonal rains Highland nomads: in Northern Tier (present day Turkey and Iran) Bedouins: in Arabian Peninsula “People of the Tent” Small tightly knit tribal group camel essential for survival success of group depended on behavior of each individual Gained power because they could cross the desert Values: land, honor/honesty, hospitality, generosity

Bedouin Camel beauty pageant in Abu Dhabi, UAE Al Dhafra festival link CNN Bedouin Festival Article & Video http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/263949 Camel Beauty Pageant CNN Picture

Basic Info Video Camel Survival Camel Racing The Dromedary Camel… lives in the deserts of North Africa and the Middle East, is also known as the Arabian Camel, or Ship of the Desert, and is a single humped camel, unlike the Bactrian Camel, which has 2 humps. Basic Info Video Camel Survival Camel Racing

Camels

Nomad Changes Settled down Money economy New jobs Losing numbers Bedouin values remain strong

Bedouin Bedouins in the UAE Video 8mins CNN Bedouin Festival Article & Video Bedouins in the UAE Video 8mins

Bedouin Settlement

Camel Beauty Contest The United Arab Emirates is hosting a large camel beauty pageant during the Mazayin Dhafra Camel Festival 2008, to be held in Abu Dhabi from April 2 to April 10. The now-modernized region seeks to honor its nomadic Bedouin heritage, which relied heavily upon the camel for both transportation and food production. The festival will be held in remembrance, and revolves around the camel beauty pageant, which has attracted a reported 10,000 camels from across the UAE. An expert panel of judges will single out the prize-winning camels based on features such as the size of eyes and lashes, shape and placement of the hump, and the neck length, among other standards.

Cities Developed as: Traditional cities Political centers Trading centers Religious centers Traditional cities High walls Narrow streets Homes close together Mosques and suq

Narrow Allies, Plain External Design Traditional City Narrow Allies, Plain External Design 15

Traditional City Privacy Open space is located within the traditional house. All Houses look alike form outside – no decoration. Court yard is located inside the house. 16

Damascus

Suq Video

Traditional City ▲ Umayyad Mosque built 705-715 AD. ◄ Suq (Shopping Mall) Al-Hamiddiyyah. 20

City Changes Urbanization – limited land; more opportunities; technology; education Nuclear family Strains on resources Shantytowns “New City” grows connected to “Old City” Oil money = growth Still mosque, suq, residential areas Generational conflicts

Modern City Modern Dubai Video Ski Video Modern Cairo Multi-Story apartment buildings is the new residential pattern. 22

Turkey Gecekondu

Turkey Gecekondu

Morocco

Cairo, Egypt City of the Dead

Family

Family Life Patriarchal (male dominated) Most important feature of culture Family life guided by Qur’an Qur’an supports authority of parents Arranged marriages Up to four wives Divorce legal but looked down upon

Family (Children) Obey their parents Economic part of family Birth is celebration More boys go to school than girls –at mosque Tradition is best taught through observation – given adult responsibilities Son to follow father’s footsteps Preserve family honor- respect male authority

Family Changes Nuclear family – still most important Generational conflicts Breakdown of extended family Less arranged marriages urbanization

Children Changes varies More education and literacy – training for modern economy Public education Adoption of western values and culture Generational conflicts

Women Tradition made women subordinate to men---NOT religion Gave women security Lots of influence within the family Lost rights as time passes because of traditions/customs NOT religion Men managed women’s affairs In charge of household and children More likely to bring dishonor to the family modesty, seclusion

Women Traditional Rights: Outlawed killing baby girls Education Inherit property Equal under eyes of god

Middle Eastern Women 34

Middle Eastern Women 35

Women Changes Varies – based on history and tradition Urban more freedoms – education essential More education Entering workforce Some choose own spouse Some return to tradition in response to westernization Suq Haggling A Broad Abroad Video 6:00

Closure Write a brief justification for the group’s rating of social change and decide if the change or lack of change for the assigned aspect of life is positive or negative for the people of Middle East. Cite at least 3 pieces of evidence to support your answer. Rate amount of Social Change: (circle one for your assigned aspect of life) Groups: Least Greatest Village Life: 1 2 3 4 5 Nomadic/Desert Life: 1 2 3 4 5 City Life: 1 2 3 4 5 Family Life: 1 2 3 4 5 Women: 1 2 3 4 5 Children: 1 2 3 4 5

Closure In general have these changes been more positive or negative for the people of the Middle East.