Seattle, Washington 1 November 2013 Future Trends in Avionics and the impact on Flight Operations Paul Kostek Seattle, Washington 1 November 2013

AESS Avionics Technical Panel Planning for 50 years into the future Activities – Future of avionics and flight What are the technology issues? Business? Public?

Goal for Today Collect your input on future avionics trends What should IEEE AESS be focusing on, what is hype, what’s been missed, what is going to offer the best opportunity for success (increased capability and safety)? Operational issues – crew performance and training, Next Gen, Implications of UAS operations

AESS Field of Interest The field of interest shall be the organization, systems engineering, design, development, integration, and operation of complex systems for space, air, ocean, or ground environments.  These systems include but are not limited to navigation, avionics, mobile electric power and electronics, radar, sonar, telemetry, military, law-enforcement, automatic test, simulators, and command and control.

AESS Avionics Systems Technical Panel Applications Commercial and Military Aircraft Unmanned Systems Satellites/Space Systems ATM Ground Systems

AESS Avionics Systems Technical Panel Focus Areas Flight Deck Navigation Space Cyber Security Simulation and Modeling

Topics Integrated information management systems Avionics and Flight-Critical Systems Communication, Navigation, and Surveillance Systems Network and Surveillance Technologies Human Interaction in with aerospace systems Software Design and Evaluation for Complex Systems Emerging Technologies and Application Solutions

Key Terms MOSA – Modular Open Systems Architecture FACE – Future Airborne Capability Environment NextGen/Sesar (Single European Sky ATM Research) UAS in the NAS – Unmanned Air Systems in the National Airspace

Key Terms cont Cyber Security – can avionics be hacked, how to secure avionics Cockpit Operations – synthetic vision systems, voice control, hand control(Kinect) Communications - creating airplane networks – using texting for air to ground communications – ADS-B equipment Risk Management – determining the risk of MOSA/FACE and NextGen adoption/operation Certification/ Standards – ARP 4754, ARP 4761. DO 178C, DO 254, DO 653 (MultiCore Systems) Unmanned freight and commercial flights

Where we are today Impact of avionics on flight crew operations Interaction Situational Awareness Example: Asiana flight 214 Implementation of Next Gen (finally) ADS-B Introduction of UAS into the NAS (2015)

Transition to the next generation Technology introduction Airline Operations maintenance pilot training Integration into ATM system Transition from federated to integrated systems

Federated versus Integrated Integrated: reduce electronic control unit (ECU) cost, minimize the number of control units, and minimize wiring and weight. Higher levels of functional integration enable system optimization and improved aircraft performance, but may also add more effort in system integration.  Source Dr. Mirko Jakovljevic of TTTech

Integrated Avionics IMA – Integrated Modular Avionics MOSA – Modular Open Systems Approach (Architecture) FACE – Future Airborne Capability Environment

IMA Defined in RTCA/DO-297 / A653

FACE Standard 2.0 Open Group Standard Technical Standard for Future Airborne Capability Environment (FACE™), Edition 2.0 You have a choice: you can either create your own future, or you can become the victim of a future that someone else creates for you. By seizing the transformation opportunities, you are seizing the opportunity to create your own future. Vice Admiral (ret.) Arthur K. Cebrowski NAVAIR

MOSA An integrated business and technical strategy that: – provides an enabling environment, – employs a modular design and, where appropriate, – defines key interfaces, – using widely supported, consensus-based (i.e., open) standards that are published and maintained by a recognized industry standards organization – and uses certified conformant products. A foundation for effective systems engineering for rapid delivery of enhanced combat capability to the Warfighter: – Enhanced Interoperability Reduced Life cycle Costs Reduced Cycle Time

Life Cycle Management Today Going to Component availability/end of life Going to On-line revisions of SW Fewer components to replace

Integrated Information Management Systems Electronic Flight Bag System Wide Information Management - SWIM Performance Based Navigation – PBN Commercial and general aviation

Current NAS NAS

NAS with SWIM

PBN Required Navigation Performance RNAV Performance-based navigation versus ground based sensors systems

Network and Surveillance Technologies Situational Awareness ADS-B TCAS GPWS Integration of air and ground systems Functions for ground operations Traffic management

Human Interaction (Controls and Displays) Today – buttons, switches, controls Synthetic Displays Impact on Situational Awareness Tomorrow – voice, hand, eye

Avionics and Flight Critical Systems - UAVs UAS Operations in the NAS (National Air Space) Federal, state, city and private operations

UAV Operations Traffic – Commercial, Gen Aviation, UAS, Military Requires Improved Traffic Management Communications Situational Awareness

Next Gen Operations

NextGen Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) Next Generation Data Communications Next Generation Network Enabled Weather (NNEW) System Wide Information Management (SWIM) NAS Voice Switch (NVS) Source: wiki/Next_Generation_Air_Transportation_System

Next Gen Challenges Certification of new equipment for aircraft Implementation of ground systems updates

CyberSecurity The Ten Commandments of Cybersecurity According to Richard A. Clarke Do not be in denial. Do not think the risk is not significant. Do not trust that you are “OK” Don’t underestimate the extent of the problem. Do not fight the government, they can help you! It is not a CEO problem, it is a whole company problem. Organize. Set up teams who can work and do this, do R&D, share information. Think holistically, don’t think about your part – think as a whole. Don’t attempt to defend the whole network, it is too late to build moats when the enemy is already in the castle. Discover what your company’s real Crown Jewels are, and guard them. Think: “What is the worst case?” “What would it look like?” Have an industry strategy.

What Does Cybersecurity Mean for the Avionics Community? Software development Hardware development Controls Encryption

Software Design and Evaluation of Complex Systems DO-178 C – impact of latest revision Culture of SW development Risk Management Failure Analysis V&V practices and tools

Hardware Design FPGA SoC Data Buses A429 AFDX/A664 Designs need to address – Single Event Upsets (SEU) and Multi-Bit Upsets Both natural (radiation) and cyber attack

The Future Next generation/replacements for FPGA & SoC – integrated systems Applications of commercial buses Unmanned cargo and passenger airplanes More emphasis on cyber security Increased Aircraft interaction Incorporation of commercial space technologies

AESS Systems Magazine Special Issue – Avionics Systems •IEEE Advances in Avionics Systems Design Recent advances in reduced-sized electronics, computational power, and faster signal processing afford avionics systems to provide enhanced situation awareness, distributed control, and human-machine operations. Avionics includes developments in aerospace electronics for aircraft, spacecraft, and ground systems that enable the control, automation, and management of systems. We are seeking papers that highlight developments in avionics design (e.g., sensors and systems), processing (e.g., signal processing and information fusion), and coordination (e.g., communications and navigation). Papers that provide a technical overview of recent developments (or advances) in avionics systems are invited. Ideally, papers will highlight the technical achievements and/or significant contributions to avionics applications of interest to AESS Magazine readers. Ref: Avionics: Development and Implementation by Gary R. Spitzer (Hardcover - Dec 15, 2006) Key Topic Areas Integrated Information Management Systems (e.g., Air Operations) Avionics and Flight-Critical Systems (e.g., Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) Communication, Navigation, and Surveillance Systems (e.g., estimation) Network and Surveillance Technologies (e.g., Air Traffic Management) Human Interaction within Aerospace systems (e.g., displays) Software Design and Evaluation for Complex Systems (e.g., next-gen FAA) Emerging Technologies and Application Solutions For information on paper submission, prospective authors should visit http://sysaes.msubmit.net/ and review the "Information for Authors," "Tips," and "Author Instructions." Manuscripts should be submitted using the manuscript submission web site for IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine at http:// sysaes.msubmit.net. Manuscripts will be peer reviewed according to the regular process and standards used for the IEEE AES Magazine.

AESS Systems Magazine Special Issue – Avionics Systems Important Dates Manuscript submission deadline: First review completed: Revised manuscript due: Second review completed: Final manuscript due: Publication: 15 December 2013 31 February 2014 1 May 2014 15 June 2014 15 July 2014 Fall 2014 Guest Editors Erik Blasch - Air Force Research Lab, USA - erik.blasch@gmail.com Paul Kostek - Air Direct Solutions, USA - p.kostek@ieee.org William Walsh - Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division - w.walsh@ieee.org

Thanks! My contact info: p.kostek@ieee.org/206-915-6645