Brainstem cytokine changes in healthy ageing and Motor Neurone Disease

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Brainstem cytokine changes in healthy ageing and Motor Neurone Disease Anuradha Tennakoon, Viythia Katharesan, Ian P. Johnson Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 381, Pages 192-199 (October 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.013 Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Changes in IL-1β, IP-10 and MIP-1β cytokine concentrations in adult, ageing and MND brainstem. IL-1β, IP-10 and MIP-1β levels are significantly higher in ageing controls compared to adult controls, whereas MIP-1β levels are significantly lower in MND compared to ageing controls. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2017 381, 192-199DOI: (10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.013) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Remaining 24 brainstem cytokine concentrations in adult, ageing and MND brainstem. Significant differences are seen between all 3 groups for 7 cytokine -1ra, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-15, IL-2 and IL-4 but post-hoc tests failed to show significant differences for individual cytokines between groups. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2017 381, 192-199DOI: (10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.013) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Dot-plot graphs of 27 brainstem cytokine concentrations in adult, ageing and MND brainstem. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2017 381, 192-199DOI: (10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.013) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 MIP-1β expression in GFAP-positive astrocytes in adult, ageing and MND mid/lower pons. Note that it is not possible to assess changes in overall GFAP or MIP-1β immunostaining intensity in the small areas shown here (see Figs 5 and 6). Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2017 381, 192-199DOI: (10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.013) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Intensity of MIP-1β immunostaining. MIP-1β fluorescence intensity is increased in ageing control brainstem compared to adult controls, but not in MND brainstem. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2017 381, 192-199DOI: (10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.013) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Intensity of GFAP immunostaining. No significant changes in GFAP fluorescence intensity are found between the groups. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2017 381, 192-199DOI: (10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.013) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions