Fascism Rises in Europe

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Essential Question: Who were the major totalitarian leaders in the 1920s & 1930s? What were the basic ideologies of Fascists, Nazis, and Communists?

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Presentation transcript:

15.3 - Fascism Rises in Europe Main Idea: In response to political turmoil and economic crises, Italy and Germany turned to totalitarian dictators. Why it Matters Now: These dictators changed the course of history, and the world is still recovering from their abuse of power.

Totalitarian Governments Totalitarian system Government takes total, centralized, state control of every aspect of public and private life aka Dictatorship Discuss p.441

What is a Dictatorship? Only one political party Dictators rely upon a & the Dictator is the leader of the party Dictators rely upon a large, strong, & loyal army to maintain power One person holds all of the power NO elections What is a Dictatorship? Education and the media are strictly controlled by the government Anyone considered an enemy of the Dictator and his party would be persecuted

Totalitarian Governments Communism Classless society Government owned everything: land, industry, etc. No private property Difficult to achieve in practice Fascism Extreme nationalists loyalty to the state & obedience to its leader Each class has its place in society Denied individual rights Private property with government control Anti-communist Discuss chart p.477

Fascists in Italy Benito Mussolini seized power in Italy in 1922 Played on Italian anger about the Versailles Treaty (WWI) Mussolini outlawed all political parties except his own He controlled the press and banned criticism of government

Benito Mussolini Italy Called “Il Duce” (the leader) Fascist Racism and cultural superiority Military control & secret police Government censorship http://www.history.com/topics/benito-mussolini/videos#benito-mussolini

Adolf Hitler Germany Leader of the Nazi Party National Socialists German Worker’s Party Type of fascism Called the “Fuhrer” (leader) Wrote Mein Kampf Beliefs of German racial superiority Vowed to regain Germany’s loss from WWI More lebensraum: living space Rebuilt economy by preparing for another war Built tanks, guns and other war supplies Gov’t. controlled press, schools, and religion Hitler used his hatred of Jews (anti-Semitism) as a scapegoat for all Germany's problems. The Nazis passed laws depriving Jews of most of their rights and violence against them mounted. http://www.history.com/videos/adolf-hitler

Joseph Stalin Russia/Soviet Union Communist leader Controlled every aspect of people’s lives Eliminated all competition to keep power Secret police Goals End free enterprise Industrialize Set up collective farms Leads to protests & famine 4 -6 million deaths http://www.history.com/topics/joseph-stalin/videos#stalins-purges

Other Dictators Spain: Francisco Franco Japan: Hirohito Fascist Japan: Hirohito Militarianism China: Mao Zedong Communist In 1935, Czechoslovakia was the only remaining democracy in eastern Europe