K/W/L Know Want to Know Learned Please complete the first two columns of your K/W/L chart.

“Never think that war, no matter how necessary, nor how justified, is not a crime.” – Ernest Hemingway

The Greatest Generation c. 1998 c. 1998

Germany and the Treaty of Versailles

Italy Germany U.S.S.R. Single Party Dictatorship State Control of the Economy Terror as a Tool Censorship Indoctrination Cult of Personality

Read pages 266-268 in your textbook Read pages 266-268 in your textbook. Add details about each country to the appropriate space on the chart.

Fascism A political philosophy, movement, or regime that exalts nation and often race above the individual. Started in Italy in the 1920’s Created by Benito Mussolini No set doctrine, but key features Ultra-nationalistic State above the individual Totalitarian

In ancient Rome, a fasce (a bundle of sticks with an axe blade attached) was carried in front on magistrates a symbol of their power. The sticks signify strength in numbers, while the blade represents the power over life and death held by the state.

Fascism in Italy Problem Solution Fear of Communism Strong Fascist Gov’t will protect private property and the middle class. Disappointment over Treaty of Versailles Create a Mediterranean Empire Lack of International Respect Create an Empire Build a strong, aggressive military Economic Problems (Great Depression) Government will work with business owners to direct the economy.

Italy Germany U.S.S.R. Single Party Dictatorship State Control of the Economy Terror as a Tool Censorship Indoctrination Cult of Personality

Italy Germany U.S.S.R. Single Party Dictatorship State Control of the Economy Terror as a Tool Censorship Indoctrination Cult of Personality

Single Party Dictatorship Fascists Nazis Communists Italy Germany U.S.S.R. Single Party Dictatorship Fascists Nazis Communists State Control of the Economy Corporatism (state-lead coordination of business) Communisms (centrally-planned economy, state owns everything) Terror as a Tool Black shirts and public violence. Threat of communism Brown shirts and secret police. The Holocaust. Threat of communism Purges, show trials, enemies from without and within. People turning on each other Censorship State control of media. Silencing of opposition. State control of media. Book burnings, silencing opposition. State control of everything. Prosecuting people for their thoughts. Indoctrination Public addresses. Youth groups. Public art “Si Si Si” School groups. Public speeches and rallies. Hitler youth. Public schooling (tracking). Public art and media. Cult of Personality Mussolini “Il Duce” Hitler “the Fuhrer” Stalin “The Leader”

Meanwhile in Japan Modernization The opening of Japan led to rapid modernization and created demand that could not be met (esp. during the G.D.) Emperor Hirohito: Distant and Removed from Politics Traditionalists As Japan suffered during the G.D., traditionalist argued for a return to older ways, and for Japanese dominance. This created militarism and nationalism. General Tojo: Used the economic crisis to push for expansion in Manchuria, then to seize power for the military.