Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) Determining Leadership Style: Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) Cathy O. Robbins Nonprofit Executive Leadership Program // Northeast Region // June 1-3rd, 2016

The MBTI® Instrument A “measure” of personality type Based on Carl J. Jung’s work 8 personality preferences Organized into 16 types

Development The MBTI® Instrument was developed by: Katharine C. Briggs & Isabel Briggs Myers (mother 1875-1968) (daughter 1897-1980) Based on: Carl Gustav Jung’s psychological types (contemporary of Sigmund Freud 1875-1961)

IT IS NOT A MEASURE OF: INTELLIGENCE OR PATHOLOGY

They’re simply different. Personality preferences are not absolute: people react differently to situational factors Differences in preferences are not: right or wrong, better or worse They’re simply different.

WRITE YOUR NAME 1.

Four Preferences E I S N T F J P Where do you process and gain energy? What kinds of data do you focus on? What is the basis of your decisions? What type of lifestyle do you prefer? E S T J I N F P

KEY ASSUMPTIONS Preferences are “inborn” Environment enhances or impedes expression of your type All of the types are equally valuable Behaviorally you are all types, but have a “preference” toward one

WHY BOTHER? BE AWARE OF OTHERS’ DIFFERENCES INCREASE FLEXIBILITY APPRECIATE VARYING STRENGTHS WHY BOTHER? BUILD COMPLEMENTARY TEAMS USE OTHERS AS RESOURCES

Extraversion ||| Introversion Where do you get your energy? Other people & external experiences? Inner resources & internal experiences?

I | E : Source of Energy INTROVERSION: EXTRAVERSION: “I like to read a book” Prefer reflection over action Attuned to inner world EXTRAVERSION: “I like to talk to people” Prefer action over reflection Attuned to external environments

I | E : Source of Energy I E Communication style: -writing/email Learning style: -mental practice and reflection Work style: -alone or in pairs Private and contained E Communication style: -talking Learning style: -doing and discussing with others Work style: -prefer groups Sociable and expressive

FREQUENT INTERRUPTIONS WHICH IS HARDER? NO INTERRUPTIONS or FREQUENT INTERRUPTIONS

Extraversion Introversion % of participants N = 16 Based on research compiled by the Center for Creative Leadership

What kind of data do you pay attention to? Sensing ||| iNtuition What kind of data do you pay attention to? Hard data Gut feeling

N | S : Taking in Information INTUITION: “I like to imagine possibilities” Emphasize the theoretical Prefer high level/general concepts Value imagination Oriented toward future possibilities SENSING: “I like to learn the facts” Emphasize the pragmatic Prefer facts & details Specificity helps Value realism Oriented to present realities

N | S : Taking in Information See trends and patterns in data Use a “sixth sense” or gut feeling Follow hunches Quick conclusions Trust inspiration S Observe and remember through 5 senses Build carefully and thoroughly to decisions Slow but thoughtful Trust experiences

NO SENSE OF PRESENT REALITY WHICH IS HARDER? NO SENSE OF PRESENT REALITY OR NO SENSE OF FUTURE POSSIBILITIES

Sensing iNtuition % of participants N = 16 Based on research compiled by the Center for Creative Leadership

Feeling ||| Thinking How do you make decisions? Values or beliefs based Objective evaluation

T | F : Decision Making THINKING: FEELING: “I like to decide logically” Analytical Use cause-and-effect reasoning Solve problems with logic and data FEELING: “I like to consider people” Empathetic Guided by personal values Assess impact of decisions on people

T | F : Decision Making T F Strive for objective standard of truth Described as reasonable Search for flaws in an argument Fairness: everyone treated equally F Strive for harmony and positive interactions Described as compassionate Search for point of agreement in an argument Fairness: everyone treated as an individual

WORKING IN AN ENVIRONMENT THAT LACKS LOGIC WHICH IS HARDER? WORKING IN AN ENVIRONMENT THAT LACKS LOGIC OR THAT LACKS HARMONY

Thinking Feeling % of participants N = 16 Based on research compiled by the Center for Creative Leadership

Judging ||| Perceiving How are you oriented to the world? In a planned, orderly way, wanting to regulate and control life In a flexible, spontaneous way, seeking to experience and understand life

J | P : Decision Making JUDGING: PERCEIVING: “I like to organize my schedule” Scheduled/organized Finish one project before starting another Like to have things decided PERCEIVING: “I like to adapt to change as it comes” Spontaneous/flexible Start many projects, but have trouble finishing Like things loose and open to change

J | P : Decision Making J P Try to avoid last minute stresses Finish tasks well before the deadline Try to limit surprises See routine as effective P Feel energized by last minute pressures Finish tasks at the deadline Enjoy surprises See routines as limiting

WHICH IS HARDER? WINGING IT OR ADHERING TO A SCHEDULE

Judging Perceiving % of participants N = 16 Based on research compiled by the Center for Creative Leadership

TYPES IN SOCIETY ISTJ 11.6% ISFJ 3.8% INFJ 1.5% INTJ 2.1% ISTP 5.4% ISFP 8.8% INFP 4.3% INTP 3.3% ESTP 4.3% ESFP 8.5% ENFP 8.1% ENTP 3.2% ESTJ 8.7% ESFJ 12.3% ENFJ 2.4 ENTJ 1.8%

Predictions about teams (p. 1) The more similar the types, the sooner the team members will understand each other Groups with high similarity reach quicker decisions, but make more errors Leadership roles may shift as the tasks to be done require the skills of different types

Predictions about teams (p. 2) Team members who are opposite on all four preferences may have difficulty achieving understanding The person who is the only representative of a preference may be seen as different Teams that come to appreciate and use differences have less conflict

We need to create work environments where we as leaders: KNOW OURSELVES RELY ON EACH OTHER TO BUILD A TEAM MANAGE UNDER-DEVELOPED TRAITS EXPAND OURSELVES LEAD WITH OUR STRENGTHS

FOR EACH ACTIVITY: PREPARE A BRIEF REPORT 2. SELECT A SPEAKER

E | I : Extraversion & Introversion Take five minutes for each of these: What work environment allows you to be most effective? Prepare two questions for the other group, to enhance your understanding.

S | N : Sensing & Intuition Take five minutes to: Write down several words or phrases that describe the picture.

T | F : Thinking & Feeling Take ten minutes to discuss: How do you want to be appreciated or recognized? What do you want to be appreciated or recognized for? What happens when you don’t get appreciation or recognition in your preferred way?

J | P : Judging & Perceiving Take ten minutes to: Plan an end of summer vacation before you return to school.

Share a learning or a take-away How will you use what you learned?