2.5 ENZYMES Reaves 2016-2017

What are enzymes? Turn to page 54 in your book. This is the question that your experiment answers Turn to page 54 in your book.

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions for organisms. What are enzymes? This is the question that your experiment answers

Summarize Time! *YOW* Some chemical reactions that make life possible are too slow or have activation energies that are too high to make them practical for living tissue…(in other words they take TOO LONG) Solution  Your body has a protein that lowers the amount of energy needed at the beginning of a reaction, so you have more energy to complete your metabolic processes needed to live your life! These proteins are called enzymes.

A catalyst lowers activation energy. Catalysts are substances that speed up chemical reactions. decrease activation energy increase reaction rate Fig 2.22 in text Summarize your research in three to five points.

Enzymes allow chemical reactions to occur under tightly controlled conditions. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in living things. They speed up the reactions! Enzymes are needed for almost all processes. Most enzymes end in “ase”. Amylase = in saliva/spit break down starches Lipase = ? Protease = ?

Enzymes allow chemical reactions to occur under tightly controlled conditions. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in living things. They speed up the reactions! Enzymes are needed for almost all processes. Most enzymes end in “ase”. Amylase = in saliva/spit break down starches Lipase = in pancreas, breaks down fats into fatty acid Protease = ?

Enzymes allow chemical reactions to occur under tightly controlled conditions. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in living things. They speed up the reactions! Enzymes are needed for almost all processes. Most enzymes end in “ase”. Amylase = in saliva/spit break down starches Lipase = in pancreas, breaks down fats into fatty acid Protease = breaks down proteins and peptides.

Enzymes are involved in almost every process in organisms Digestion of foods Building proteins An enzyme’s function depends on its structure Enzymes function best in a small range of conditions, so disruptions in homeostasis will effect the enzymes function

Conditions affecting the function of an enzyme Temperature and pH break hydrogen bonds Denaturation Cell activators and Inhibitors

An enzyme’s structure allows only certain reactants to bind to the enzyme. Enzymes have very specific active sites where only certain substrates can bind to reduce activation energy Enzymes release products and can repeat process over again substrates (reactants) enzyme Substrates bind to an enzyme at certain places called active sites.

The Enzyme Substrate Complex Can be represented by the lock-and-key model which helps illustrate how enzymes function. substrates brought together at active sites bonds in substrates weakened and product released from enzyme Substrates bind to an enzyme at certain places called active sites. The enzyme brings substrates together and weakens their bonds. The catalyzed reaction forms a product that is released from the enzyme.

Recap! Remember… Enzymes are a type of PROTEIN!!! On your notes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qgVFkRn8f10 Remember… Enzymes are a type of PROTEIN!!! Their job is to regulate the body’s activities WITHOUT using too much energy.