How to detect and avoid plagiarism https://fraudcrimeprevention.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/shutterstock_664253742.jpg

Everyone around does it! Reasons Excuses It’s okay if I don’t get caught! Everyone around does it! I was too busy to write that paper! (OPD, Mehndi, PSL) I’ve got to do Research (somehow) My Wife expects too much from me! This topic was BORING!

https://theempoweringloveproject. files. wordpress https://theempoweringloveproject.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/no-excuses.jpg

Naïve researcher/ Unintentional misconduct Possible Causes of research misconduct Rotten apple theory Rotten system theory Naïve researcher/ Unintentional misconduct

Contributory factors towards plagiarism1,2,3 Pressure to publish Lack of training limited English and writing proficiency Attitudes towards plagiarism & influence of cultural values Bilić-Zulle L, Frković V, Turk T, Azman J, Petrovecki M. Prevalence of plagiarism among medical students. Croatian Med J. 2005;46(1):126. Roig M. Plagiarism and self-plagiarism: What every author should know. Biochemia Medica. 2010;20(3):295–300. Mason PR. Plagiarism in scientific publications. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2009;3(1):1–4.

How to avoid scientific misconduct http://www.shoutmeloud.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/no-550x550.jpg

Length of my nose is directly proportional to the number of plagiarized articles that I have published 

How to avoid scientific misconduct کا خوف اللہ http://www.shoutmeloud.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/no-550x550.jpg

لَّعْنَةُ اللّهِ عَلَى الْكَاذِبِينَ Quran لَّعْنَةُ اللّهِ عَلَى الْكَاذِبِينَ The curse of Allah on the liars Al-Emran Verse No:61

يا ايها الذين امنوا اتقوا الله وكونوا مع الصادقين Quran يا ايها الذين امنوا اتقوا الله وكونوا مع الصادقين O you who have believed, fear Allah and be with those who are true. At-Tawbah Verse No:119

Hadith Trust of the patient Falsification Fabrication Hippocrates oath

How to avoid scientific misconduct خوف اللہ Responsible mentoring and supervision of the student/trainee http://www.shoutmeloud.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/no-550x550.jpg

Responsible mentoring and supervision Supervisors have the responsibility to ensure that all trainees are aware of the responsible conduct of research Positive role modelling Define the Relationship Role of Trainee Publication/Authorship Serving as PI or Co-PI Adapted from http://www.research.vt.edu/reports/Research_Misconduct.ppt

How to avoid scientific misconduct خوف اللہ Responsible mentoring and supervision of the student/trainee Plan ahead , don’t rush Collaborate with honest people only http://www.shoutmeloud.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/no-550x550.jpg

How to avoid scientific misconduct Learn about different forms of scientific misconduct and plagiarism -- Training http://www.shoutmeloud.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/no-550x550.jpg

Training resources Office of Research Integrity (ORI)—Research Misconduct http://ori.dhhs.gov/ Committee on Publication Ethics http://publicationethics.org/ National Science Foundation (NSF)-Misconduct http://www.nsf.gov/oig/misconscieng.jsp Scientific Misconduct Blog http://scientific- misconduct.blogspot.com/

Training resources Online resources http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/plagiarism.pdf http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_plagiar. html http://www.depts.drew.edu/composition/Avoiding_Plagiarism.htm http://www.reshall.berkeley.edu/academics/resources/ plagiarism http://www.lib.duke.edu/libguide/plagiarism2.htm

How to avoid scientific misconduct Learn about different forms of scientific misconduct and plagiarism -- Training Cite statistics/facts without the source, unless they are common knowledge Scan your manuscripts by plagiarism detection softwares http://www.shoutmeloud.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/no-550x550.jpg

https://student. unsw. edu https://student.unsw.edu.au/sites/all/files/uploads/group34/sample_similarity_report.gif

How to detect plagiarism Mixed citation styles Lack of references / wrong formatting Lack of quotations Unusual formatting Off topic discussion Incoherent flow of ideas Haris R. Anti-Plagiarism Strategies for Research Papers. Virtual Salt. 2004, 4:6.

ORI recommendations * Adopt zero tolerance Protect whistleblowers Clarify how to report Train the mentors Model ethical behavior * From Presentation on “Research integrity” by Thomas J. Inzana, Ph.D. Associate Vice-President for Research Programs and research Integrity Officer

Summary Unethical research and writing practices are wrong and must be avoided No excuse for unethical behavior Unethical practices –common & under recognized Major punishments and embarrassment Training opportunities and learning resources

Take home message Honesty is the best policy – every where Choose honest colleague and seniors for research and writing Plan ahead don’t rush Learn medical writing like medical sciences Explore online resources Share whatever you learn Lead by example

Comments ? Questions ?Additions?

Time, attention and feedback !

Copy of the presentation & resources farooqrathore@gmail.com