Chapter 4: Atomic Structure Chapter 6: The Periodic Table Organizing and Classifying the Elements Distinguishing Among Atoms

Read then label Read through 4.2 and 4.3 aloud in groups Noble Gases Metalloids (Po instead of At) Trend for valence electrons Trend for atomic size Using information from 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3, designate the following groups on your periodic table: 7 diatomic molecules Trend for ion size Trend for electronegativity s sublevel Trend for electron affinity Metals and Non-metals p sublevel Alkali Metals d sublevel Alkaline Earth Metals F sublevel Transition Metals Energy levels (levels shift in transition metals) Halogens

Learning Targets You will identify the components of the periodic table. You will recognize the parts of the atom, where they reside in the atom, and the relevance of each subatomic particle. You will identify isotopes, how to write them and how to determine average atomic mass.

View the picture on page 100 and 101, then read the CHEMystery What information does this picture tell you about the sample? What can you infer about the sample from this image? How could you determine what your hand looks like under the skin without dissecting it? Do you have an electronic item in your home that uses a CRT? You will recognize the parts of the atom, where they reside in the atom, and the relevance of each subatomic particle.

Introduction to the periodic table Groups or families – Columns on the periodic table (run up and down) Numbered 1-8 or 1-18 Have similar characteristics Periods – Run left to right on the periodic- table (think of how a sentence looks and remember a period ends a sentence) Numbered 1-7 You will identify the components of the periodic table.

You will identify the components of the periodic table. What you see … Be sure to round the molar mass to the nearest .01 Symbols: Oxygen-O 1st letter ALWAYS capitalized and the other letter(s) lower case Carbon-C Neon-Ne Zinc-Zn Come from element name or derived from Greek, Latin or German words Gold-Au (aurum) Lead-Pb (plumbum) Sodium-Na (natrium) Iron-Fe (ferrum) You will identify the components of the periodic table.

You will identify the components of the periodic table. Metals and Nonmetals Draw a staircase line (around B, Si, As, Te, At) Left of the staircase (EXCEPT HYDROGEN) – metals Right of the staircase (INCLUDING HYDROGEN) – nonmetals You will identify the components of the periodic table.

You will identify the components of the periodic table. Alkali Metals Alkali Metals (excluding hydrogen) – 1st column Group 1 You will identify the components of the periodic table.

You will identify the components of the periodic table. Alkaline Earth Metals Alkaline Earth Metals – 2nd column Group 2 You will identify the components of the periodic table.

You will identify the components of the periodic table. Transition Metals Transition Metals – In the middle of the periodic table…Groups 3-12 Lanthanide and Actinide Series fit in transition metals You will identify the components of the periodic table.

You will identify the components of the periodic table. Halogens Halogens – 2nd column from the right Group 7 or 17 You will identify the components of the periodic table.

You will identify the components of the periodic table. Noble Gases Noble Gases – last column Group 8 or 18 You will identify the components of the periodic table.

Metalloids or Semi-metals Metalloids or Semi-metals – 7 elements bordering the “stair-step” line except aluminum (Al) and astatine (At) You will identify the components of the periodic table.

You will identify the components of the periodic table. Diatomic molecules Forms a 7 Naturally occur as homonuclear in their gaseous state You will identify the components of the periodic table.

You will identify the components of the periodic table. s sublevel You will identify the components of the periodic table.

You will identify the components of the periodic table. p sublevel You will identify the components of the periodic table.

You will identify the components of the periodic table. d sublevel You will identify the components of the periodic table.

You will identify the components of the periodic table. f sublevel You will identify the components of the periodic table.

You will identify the components of the periodic table. Energy Levels You will identify the components of the periodic table.

You will identify the components of the periodic table. Valence Electrons Electrons in the outermost (highest) principal energy level of an atom. Important because of atom bonding # of valence electrons corresponds to the group number 1-8 (except He). You will identify the components of the periodic table.

Atomic Size (also radii or radius) You will identify the components of the periodic table.

You will identify the components of the periodic table. Ionic radii You will identify the components of the periodic table.

You will identify the components of the periodic table. Electronegativity Measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons Fluorine is the most electronegative atom You will identify the components of the periodic table.

You will identify the components of the periodic table. Electron Affinity Neutral atom's likelihood of gaining an electron You will identify the components of the periodic table.

You will identify the components of the periodic table. Ionization Energy Energy required to remove an electron from an individual atom in the gas phase You will identify the components of the periodic table.

Symbols to be familiar with: The atom Symbols to be familiar with: p+ n0 e- Atoms always neutral Neutral = Same # of protons and electrons You will recognize the parts of the atom, where they reside in the atom, and the relevance of each subatomic particle.

Atom Symbol You will recognize the parts of the atom, where they reside in the atom, and the relevance of each subatomic particle. You will identify isotopes, how to write them and how to determine average atomic mass.

Isotopes Atoms that have the same number of protons, different number of neutrons Often represented as: element name – mass # (Example: lithium – 6) You will identify isotopes, how to write them and how to determine average atomic mass.

The cesium atom with a mass number of 132 Practice Give the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the atom symbolized by 80 201 Hg 80 protons, 121 neutrons and 80 electrons Give the symbol to represent the following information: The cesium atom with a mass number of 132 55 132 Cs You will identify isotopes, how to write them and how to determine average atomic mass.

The iron atom with a mass number of 56 Try on your own Strontium-90 occurs in fallout from nuclear testing. It can accumulate in bone marrow and may cause leukemia and bone cancer. 38 90 Sr Give the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the atom symbolized by 38 protons, 52 neutrons and 38 electrons Give the symbol to represent the following information: The iron atom with a mass number of 56 26 56 Fe You will identify isotopes, how to write them and how to determine average atomic mass.

Ions

You will identify the components of the periodic table. Ionic Charges You will identify the components of the periodic table.

Example A. 27 p+, 25 e- B. 27 p+, 24 e- C. 17 p+, 18 e- D. 19 p+, 18 e- E. 16 p+, 18 e- F. 38 p+, 36 e- G. 13 p+, 10 e- H. 15 p+, 18 e- For each of the following ions, indicate the total number of protons and electrons in the ion. A. Co2+ E. S2- B. Co3+ F. Sr2+ C. Cl- G. Al3+ D. K+ H. P3-

Average atomic mass You will identify isotopes, how to write them and how to determine average atomic mass.

Example An element consists of 90.51% of an isotope with a mass of 19.922 amu, 0.27% of an isotope with a mass of 20.994 amu and 9.22% of an isotope with a mass of 21.990 amu. Calculate the average atomic mass and identify the element. You will identify isotopes, how to write them and how to determine average atomic mass.

Example Change each percent to decimal form 90.51%  .9051 0.27%  .0027 9.22%  .0922 Multiply each decimal number and its respective mass for each pair of numbers given. 90.51%  .9051 x 19.922 amu 0.27%  .0027 x 20.994 amu 9.22%  .0922 x 21.990 amu Add the multiplied numbers together, round off to significant digits (.9051 x 19.922 amu = ) + (.0027 x 20.994 amu = ) + (.0922 x 21.990 amu = ) ELEMENT? You will identify isotopes, how to write them and how to determine average atomic mass.

Calculate the average atomic mass of Mg. Try on your own The element magnesium has three stable isotopes with the following masses and abundances: Isotopes Mass (amu) Abundance Mg-24 23.9850 78.99% Mg-25 24.9858 10.00% Mg-26 25.9826 11.01% Calculate the average atomic mass of Mg. 24.30501576 rounds to 24.31 Can compare with mass on periodic table to make sure correct. You will identify isotopes, how to write them and how to determine average atomic mass.