Psychology 2e Chapter 16 Applied Psychology and Psychology Careers

Module 37 Careers in Psychology

Learning Objectives 37.1 Explain degree requirements for psychologists and psychology-related careers. 37.2 Identify resources to help programs for further study in psychology. 37.3 Identify careers in psychology and psychology-related fields. 37.4 Explain ways in which psychological science addresses domestic and global issues. Slide 2 is list of textbook LO numbers and statements

Psychological Professionals (1 of 3) Learning Objective 37.1: Explain degree requirements for psychologists and psychology-related careers. Psychiatric Social Workers Master of Social Work (M.S.W.) Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) Focus on social conditions (poverty, stress, drug abuse) Administer psychotherapy Work in clinical setting with other professionals

Psychological Professionals (2 of 3) Learning Objective 37.1: Explain degree requirements for psychologists and psychology-related careers. Psychiatrists Medical Doctorate (M.D. or D.O.) Specialize in diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorder Write prescriptions and perform medial procedures Have special training in diagnostics and treatment of mental disorders (schizophrenia, depression, or extreme anxiety) Have biopsychological perspective on the causes and treatments of such disorders

Psychological Professionals (3 of 3) Learning Objective 37.1: Explain degree requirements for psychologists and psychology-related careers. Psychologists No medical degree, but typically have either a Doctorate in Philosophy (Ph.D.) or Doctorate in Psychology (Psy.D.) Those with Master of Science (M.S.) or Master of Arts (M.A.) can be called therapists or counselors, teachers or researchers Cannot prescribe medicines or perform medical procedures Some provide counseling or therapy using a variety of techniques and approaches

Ph.D vs Psy.D. Learning Objective 37.1: Explain degree requirements for psychologists and psychology-related careers. Ph.D. indicates highest degree of learning in a subject area research-oriented requires a Master’s degree in addition to coursework and dissertation Psy.D. less research, more emphasis on practical application requires academic coursework and a large-scale term paper requires participation in practicum

Careers: Master’s Degree in Psychology Learning Objective 37.1: Explain degree requirements for psychologists and psychology-related careers. Work under the supervision of a doctoral psychologist Counseling, school psychology, assessment With prerequisite training, can acquire license and work as: Licensed marriage and family therapist (LMFT) Licensed professional counselor (LPC) Licensed mental health counselor (LMHC) Licensed clinical social worker (LCSW) They can also get certification to work as: Certified or licensed to serve as school counselors at various levels

Careers: Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology Learning Objective 37.1: Explain degree requirements for psychologists and psychology-related careers. Health-related or social fields research development, administration business education and teaching professional services sales management Other possible careers marketing researcher social worker communication specialist

Careers: Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology Learning Objective 37.1: Explain degree requirements for psychologists and psychology-related careers.

Psychology: Areas of Specialization Learning Objective 37.1: Explain degree requirements for psychologists and psychology-related careers. Clinical Psychology Counseling Psychology Developmental Psychology Experimental Psychology Social Psychology Personality Psychology Physiological Psychology Neuropsychology Comparative Psychology

Clinical Psychology Learning Objective 37.1: Explain degree requirements for psychologists and psychology-related careers. Most similar to psychiatry with focus on the more serious form of mental illness Involves diagnostic and treatment of psychological disorders Psychologist cannot prescribe drug or medical therapies, but listens and observes the client and administers tests and provides explanations for client’s behavior and feelings, directing client to specific actions to help solve the problem

Counseling Psychology Learning Objective 37.1: Explain degree requirements for psychologists and psychology-related careers. Focus on relatively healthy people with less severe forms of mental illness or problems like: College Family life Work problems

Developmental Psychology Learning Objective 37.1: Explain degree requirements for psychologists and psychology-related careers. Focus on the study of change or development Developmental psychologists are interested in: The way people think How they relate to others Ways they feel over the entire span of life Developmental psychologists work in: Academic settings Various fields of research in areas of development

Experimental Psychology Learning Objective 37.1: Explain degree requirements for psychologists and psychology-related careers. Encompasses different areas like: Learning Memory Thinking Perception Motivation Language Experimental psychologists work in academic settings, large universities

Social Psychology Learning Objective 37.1: Explain degree requirements for psychologists and psychology-related careers. Focus on how human behavior is affected by the presence of other people, in areas like: Prejudice Attitude change Aggressive behavior Interpersonal attraction Social psychologists work in: Academic settings (teaching, research) Federal agencies and big business (practical research)

Personality Psychology Learning Objective 37.1: Explain degree requirements for psychologists and psychology-related careers. Focus on differences in personality among people Influence of heredity on personality Ways in which people are both alike and different Development of personality Personality psychologists work in: Academic settings (teaching, research)

Physiological Psychology Learning Objective 37.1: Explain degree requirements for psychologists and psychology-related careers. Also called behavioral neuroscience or biopsychology Focus on biological bases of behavior, studies the: Brain, nervous system, and the influence of the body’s chemicals, such as hormones and the chemicals in the brain, on human behavior Effects of drug use and genetic influences on human behavior (e.g., schizophrenia) Physiological psychologists work in: Academic settings (teaching, research)

Neuropsychology Learning Objective 37.1: Explain degree requirements for psychologists and psychology-related careers. Explores the relationship between the brain systems and behavior Neuropsychologists engage in research focused on: Assessment Diagnosis Treatment/rehabilitation of individuals with: Neurological conditions Medical conditions Neurodevelopmental conditions Psychiatric conditions

Comparative Psychology Learning Objective 37.1: Explain degree requirements for psychologists and psychology-related careers. Focus exclusively on animals and their behavior and comparing/contrasting them with human behavior Research directed at basic principles of human behavior, or research designed to find solutions to practical problems Comparative psychologists work in: Animal laboratories in universities Research in animals’ natural habitat

Resources: Study of Psychology Learning Objective 37.2: Identify resources to help programs for further study in psychology. Website http://www.apa.org/education/index.aspx Books: The Insider’s Guide to the Psychology Major: Everything You Need to Know About the Degree and Profession (Wegenek & Buskist, 2010) Career Paths in Psychology: Where Your Degree Can Take You, 2nd edition (Sternberg, 2006) What Psychology Majors Could (and Should) Be Doing: An Informal Guide to Research Experience and Professional Skills (Silvia, Delaney, & Marcovitch, 2009) Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH)

Psychology in a Global World Learning Objective 37.3: Identify careers in psychology and psychology-related fields. Psychology and Health Psychology and Education Psychology and Sports Psychology and the Military Psychology and the Law Psychology and the Community Psychology and the Environment

Psychology and Health Learning Objective 37.3: Identify careers in psychology and psychology-related fields. Focus on the relationship of human behavior patterns and stress reactions to physical health with the goal of improving and helping maintain good health; also deals with stress management Health psychologists work in: Hospitals, clinics Medical schools, other academic settings Health agencies Private practice Other areas studied in health psychology are the links between mental distress and health, and the promotion of wellness and hope in an effort to prevent illness.

Psychology and Education Learning Objective 37.3: Identify careers in psychology and psychology-related fields. Focus on the study of human learning Education psychologists work to understand the basic aspects of learning and develop methods and materials to aid learning School psychology Related to, but not the same as, educational psychology Application of education psychologists’ research; developed method to the actual school system School psychologists Work directly with children Conduct testing and other forms of assessment to diagnose children’s problems Act as consultants to teachers, parents, administrators

Psychology and Sports Focus on helping athletes prepare mentally Learning Objective 37.3: Identify careers in psychology and psychology-related fields. Focus on helping athletes prepare mentally Superior physical performance is not enough to guarantee success; rather, the mind must be prepared for the activity by setting clear short-term goals, holding positive thoughts, using visualization of the goal, stopping negative thoughts, and applying other techniques based primarily in the cognitive perspective. Sports psychologists work with: Athletic organizations Private practice/consulting

Psychology and the Military Learning Objective 37.3: Identify careers in psychology and psychology-related fields. Focus on applying psychological skills to human issues in military environments, working with both military personnel and their families Military psychologists work in areas like: Assessment Teaching Management Research Provision of mental health services

Psychology and the Law Learning Objective 37.3: Identify careers in psychology and psychology-related fields. Focus on areas of criminal behavior in consultation with attorneys or other agents of the court system on several topics (witness credibility, jury selection, etc.) Psychology in law may enlist the help of development psychologist, cognitive psychologist, and clinical psychologist Forensic psychology – involves examining criminal evidence and aiding law enforcement investigations into criminal activities Forensic psychologists work in: Justice system as police psychologists Jury experts

Psychology and the Community Learning Objective 37.3: Identify careers in psychology and psychology-related fields. Focus on both individuals and their community, often concerned with issues at various levels promoting health and addressing common societal issues Aims to understand human behavior in context, and recognizes the role of human diversity in promoting change Advocacy is the key role of individuals in this area Community psychologists work in: Variety of life activities Promotion of mental and physical health, education interventions, or work policies

Psychology and the Environment Learning Objective 37.3: Identify careers in psychology and psychology-related fields. Focus on the relationship between human behavior and the environment in which the behavior takes place, such as an office, store, school, dormitory, or hospital May help plan the most efficient buildings, parks, housing developments, or plants Environmental psychologists work as: Urban or city planners Economists Engineers Architects

Vocational Applications of Psychology (1 of 2) Learning Objective 37.3: Identify careers in psychology and psychology-related fields. Industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology – concerned with relationships between people and their work environments Personnel selection Administering of job performance assessments Design work schedules Design work areas I/O psychologists work in: Corporations and businesses Research Government agencies Academic settings

Vocational Applications of Psychology (2 of 2) Learning Objective 37.3: Identify careers in psychology and psychology-related fields. Human factor engineers – practitioners of a specific kind of industrial/organizational psychology that focuses on ergonomics, or designing machines, furniture, and other devices that people use so that those devices are the most practical, comfortable, and logical for human use Human factor psychologists – researchers and designers who study the way humans and machines interact with each other They work in design of appliances, airplane controls, and operation of computers or other mechanical devices

Table 37.1 Areas in I/O Psychology

Issues in Psychology Workplace Violence Learning Objective 37.4: Explain ways in which psychological science addresses domestic and global issues. Workplace Violence Psychologists are studying the reasons for the increase in workplace violence The berserker: an employee who becomes highly violent and commits violent crimes resulting in serious injury or death to other employees They typically have at least a high-school diploma Their self-esteem or sense of worth is tied to the job They tend to like watching violent television shows or movies