The Lodore Falls Hotel, Borrowdale Carbon fusion OCO-GOSAT Workshop The Lodore Falls Hotel, Borrowdale

Objectives of Meeting The intention of this workshop is to: critically assess how the UK can contribute to the international OCO and GOSAT missions establish a coherent UK programme in support of these missions

Outcomes of Meeting White paper that outlines recommendations to NERC/NCEO on the science that the UK community can reasonably contribute and deliver to the OCO and GOSAT programmes (anticipated) across discipline collaborative links for research proposal/projects.

Carbon Cycle: “Missing” Temporal & Spatial Scale Filled by Satellite data GOSAT and OCO hr day year century Temporal Background Monitoring Network Satellite Column Flux Tower PBL observation Chamber 1km 10m 100km Global Spatial

OCO and GOSAT

Workflow for interpretation of OCO (GOSAT) data Global C fluxes OCO XCO2 Science questions Top-down modelling machinery MODIS Biomass burning Validation OCO vs Models Flasks/aircraft Ground XCO2 Assimilation Flux analysis Fossil fuels Model XCO2 Fire Terrestrial biosphere Ocean fluxes Scale? Cal/Val: data consistency?? Model intercomparison Atmos. transport Error/bias characterisation Bottom-up modelling CarbonFusion

SCIA, MOPITT, AIRS, etc

SCIA, MOPITT, AIRS, etc

SCIA, MOPITT, AIRS, etc

Meeting structure Morning Day 1 09.00 Setting the scene - Carbon fusion, NCEO Data -SCIAMACHY -OCO -Cal/Val Surface flux models Transport modelling Analysis Schemes Afternoon Day 1 15.00/15.30 Discussion 1) What’s funded, what’s not and needs to be? 2) Priorities for 2007-2012 in terms of UK, NCEO 19.00 Dinner Morning Day 2 09.00 Outstanding issues Day 1. 12.30 Meeting adjourned; Lunch

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) “First global space-based measurements of CO2 with the precision and spatial resolution needed to quantify carbon sources and sinks” Launch in 2008 2-year mission Why high spectral resolution? Lines must be resolved from the continuum to minimize systematic errors CO2 1.61 m band is well suited for retrieving CO2 column abundances CO2 2.06 m band CO2, cloud, aerosol, water vapor, temperature O2 A-band constrains clouds, aerosols, and surface pressure Spectroscopic observations of CO2 (1.61 m and 2.06 m) and O2 (0.765 m) to estimate the column integrated CO2 dry air mole fraction, XCO2 = 0.2095 x (column CO2) / (column O2) Precisions of 1 ppm on regional scales Global coverage in 16 days (nadir 1x1.5 km footprint) JPL-based instrument: PI D. Crisp; Deputy PI: C. Miller (Crisp et al, 2004)

Monitoring CO2 from Space High resolution (λ/Δλ=17.5k-21k) spectra of reflected sunlight in near IR: CO2 1.61 m and 2.06 m bands O2 0.765 m A-band Retrieval of column average CO2 dry air mole fraction, XCO2 with BL sensitivity (Also need Ps, albedo, T, water vapour, clouds, and aerosols, provided by OCO) ~0.3% (1ppm) precision Nadir Mode Target Mode Glint Mode Why high spectral resolution? Lines must be resolved from the continuum to minimize systematic errors CO2 1.61 m band is well suited for retrieving CO2 column abundances CO2 2.06 m band CO2, cloud, aerosol, water vapor, temperature O2 A-band constrains clouds, aerosols, and surface pressure OCO samples at high spatial resolution Nadir mode: 1 km x 1.5 km footprint Isolates cloud-free scenes Thousand of samples on regional scales Glint Mode: High SNR over oceans Target modes: Calibration

Assessing OCO Performance with OSSEs CO2 fluxes XCO2 map Retrieval End-to-end retrievals of XCO2 from individual simulated nadir soundings at SZAs of 35o and 75o. The simulations include sub-visual cirrus clouds (0.02c 0.05), light to moderate aerosol loadings (0.05a 0.15), over ocean and land surfaces. INSET: Distribution of XCO2 errors (ppm) for each case XCO2 along OCO orbits CO2, O2 spectral radiances Kuang et al, 2002 (250 Gb/day)

Spectral Coverage

Sun Glint Pointing Mode Operation Solar Irradiance Cal. FTS SWIR & TIR CA-imager Lunar Cal Solar Flux FTS TIR Observation Mode Sun Glint Pointing Mode

Foot prints 5 cross track patters 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 GPS 5 cross track patters 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 points/cross track scan GPS receiver GOSAT Star Tracker Pointing Mechanism 88 – 800 km Satellite Direction (along track) Cross track