DO NOW For whom were the pyramids build for? What else was put into the pyramids? Why were these items placed in the pyramids?

DO NOW WHAT ARE YOUR TOP 5 “MOST IMPORTANT INVENTIONS”

DO NOW TAKE A PYRAMID HAND OUT OFF STOOL WAIT FOR FURTHER DIRECTIONS

DO NOW TAKE A “SEASONS OF THE NILE” HAND OUT OFF STOOL” TAKE OUT HOMEWORK FROM OVER THE WEEKEND

DO NOW EXPLAIN WHY THE NILE RIVER WAS SIGNIFICANT TO EGYPT…

Ancient Egypt Chapter 2: Section 2

Nile River Longest river in the world 4,000 miles long Splits to two branches Upper (south) and Lower Egypt (north)

DO NOW EXPLAIN THE IMPORTANCE OF THE NILE RIVER HOW DOES RELIGION AND THE NILE TIE TOGETHER? WHY WAS EGYPT WELL PROTECTED AT THIS TIME FROM INVADING ENEMIES?

Importance of Nile River Rich soil Made Egyptians prosperous for food Travel, communication Floods allow creation for rich soil

Religion and Its Importance Polytheistic- belief in more than one god 2 groups- Sun and Land gods Religion was not a word, it was just part of their world

Sun God Source of life took on many forms Worshipped Atum in human form and also Re Re had a human body but the head of a falcon

River God (Part of Land Gods) Osiris (Evil brother named Seth) Isis was his wife Osiris symbolized resurrection Horus (Sky god) Son of Osiris and Isis

SETH!!

River God (Part of Land Gods) Osiris (Evil brother named Seth) Isis was his wife Osiris symbolized resurrection Horus (Sky god) Son of Osiris and Isis

River God (Part of Land Gods) Osiris (Evil brother named Seth) Isis was his wife Osiris symbolized resurrection Horus (Sky god) Son of Osiris and Isis

King Menes Ruler of local Egyptian villages United Egypt to one united area

Egyptian History 3 major periods Old, Middle, and New Kingdom Begins 3100 B.C.E. First Dynasty created Dynasty- a family of rulers whose right to rule is passed within the family

Old Kingdom 2700-2200 B.C.E. Monarchy Pharaoh replaces title “King” Pharaoh- Great house or palace Pharaohs were gods apprentices Bureaucracy- administrative organization with officials and regular procedures Vizier- “steward of home land”- responsible to Pharaoh, in charge of Bureaucracy

DO NOW For whom were the pyramids built for? What else was put into the pyramids? Why were these items placed in the pyramids? WHAT WAS THE PURPOSE OF GETTING MUMMIFIED? WHAT IS MUMMIFICATION? WHY DIDN’T EVERYONE GET MUMMIFIED IN ANCIENT EGYPT?

The Pyramids Dedicated to the dead Built for Pharaohs (smaller for families) Stacked with supplies: chairs, chests, weapons, food, bed Mastabas- Flat- roofed tombs for Pharaohs officials Humans had two bodies- spiritual (Ka) and physical

Mummification Body is preserved Mummification- process of slowly drying a dead body to prevent it from rotting Run by priests, very expensive

RECIPE FOR A MUMMY REMOVE THE INTERNAL ORGANS, LEAVE ONLY THE HEART PUT THEM IN JARS FOR DECORATION! BATHE THE DISEMBOWLED BODY WITH NATRON SALTS AND SPICES LET IT SIT TAKE WADDED LINENS ONCE GOOD AND DRY AND STUFF THEM INSIDE LIKE A THANKSGIVING TURKEY.. STORE THE PADS TO MAKE IT LIFE-LIKE WRAP MORE LINENS INTO NEAT STRIPS AND PUT IN A COFFIN OR SARCOPHAGUS WAIT 2 MONTHS

mummy Yo MUMMY

Great Sphinx 240 feet long, 66 feet high Egyptians believed it was an important guardian of the site

PHARAOH KHAFRA??????

DO NOW WHAT DOES IT MEAN WHEN A CIVILIZATION IS IN ITS “GOLDEN AGE”

Middle Kingdom Old Kingdom collapses 2050-1652 B.C.E. Portrayed as golden age Pharaohs act differently Finalized many projects

New Kingdom Hyksos invade Egypt Fought with Horse Drawn chariots Ruled Egypt for 100 years Egypt uses bronze weapons and forces them out

Hatshepsut First woman Pharaoh (during New Kingdom) (2nd female Pharaoh) 1503- 1482 Married half brother Dressed and bearded as a king Dedicated temple to herself

DO NOW HATSHEPSUT DECIDED TO DRESS AS A MAN EVEN THOUGH SHE WAS A WOMAN. WHY? IS THIS A DECISION THAT YOU WOULD BE COMFORTABLE DOING IN ORDER TO GAIN RESPECT? WHY OR WHY NOT?

Akhenaton Amenhotep IV changes his name to Akhenaton Makes Aton (god of sun disk) the only god After his death, Tutankhamen is crowned Pharaoh “King Tut” restores old gods

End of New Kingdom Falls in 1085 B.C.E Led by different empires throughout years Cleopatra VII- Pharaoh who tries to restore old Egypt Commits suicide (Asp snake)

Daily Life in Ancient Egypt Married Young (boys 14, girls 12)- lifespan of 34 years Monogamy (one spouse per marriage) Men are in charge, women respected Marriages arranged Upper (Pharaohs, priests), Middle (merchants, artisans, scribes), Lower class system (peasants, slaves)

Hieroglyphics Hieroglyphics- Priest carvings, sacred writings Hieratic Script- simplified version of hieroglyphics used to business and record keeping Develops 365 day calendar High taste for medical knowledge

PROJECT