Globalization, domestic politics, and regionalism Delanie Hahn

Introduction Analyzing connections between globalization, domestic politics, and regional orders and how this affects regionalism Globalization affects regional orders directly, and indirectly through domestic politics On a conflict/cooperation spectrum

Overview Vector 1 Vector 2 Vector 3 Direct effect of globalization on regional orders Vector 2 Domestic distributional consequence of internationalization Internationalizing vs. Inward-looking states Vector 3 Domestic politics/institutions convert these into local, regional, and then global reach Moving from the domestic to the regional realm

Overview Vector 4 Vector 5 Regions with internationalizing coalitions reinforce domestic logic Regions with inward-looking regions reinforce domestic logic Vector 5 Coalitional center affects the way regions interact Also how their models diffuse across regions

Micro-foundation of Regional Politics Political coalitions are the micro foundation of regionalism These coalitions are either internationalizing or inward-looking Both coalitions are vying for power of the state Can affect the local, regional, and global sphere Influences how the state interacts with each other

Coalitions Attract export intensive sectors and firms Internationalizing Inward-looking Attract export intensive sectors and firms Emphasis regional cooperation and stability Macroeconomic focus Commitment to international regimes “Zones of peace” Attract import competing firms closely tied to the state Emphasis on interests of state industry and asserting complete sovereignty and control across issues “Zones of war”

Coalitions Middle East Internationalizing Inward-looking East Asia ASEAN has challenged inward-looking states to integrate Vietnam and Burma Several decades of avoiding war, even when serious problems Have used strategies from export-oriented regional conflict to local circumstances Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore, Thailand, etc. Middle East Threaten viability of would-be internationalizing states through their “zones of war” Jordan and Lebanon Explanation for Middle Eastern wars since the 1990s Too many mechanisms of coercion

Regionalism Internationalizing coalitions are more cooperative Institutions attuned to “open regionalism” Reflect compromise However, inward-looking coalitions can also arise The League of Arab States is the oldest regional institution Common history, language, nationality, culture Very low economic interdependence, but created as substitute to Arab unification

Conclusion Point of this chapter was to view direct and indirect effects of globalization along a conflict/cooperation spectrum Two coalition ideas: Internationalizing Embrace global political economy Inward-looking Resist global political economy The underlying coalition explains features of regional institutions ASEAN vs. The League of Arab States How each state interacts with the countries around it Internationalizing states are more cooperative

Conclusion Neo-realist approaches do not usually incorporate globalization in understanding regional orders But then cannot explain prolonged peace, strategic shifts of deeper cooperation, shifts away from war in the Korean peninsula after the 1950s, etc. Cannot explain the effects of the Arab League Cannot explain East Asia coalition building where middle states and smaller states were able to tame hegemons Need to integrate all three-domestic, regional and global-levels of analysis