Ionic & Covalent Bonding Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Chemical Bonds Hold Compounds Together Chemical bonds are the glue that hold the atoms of elements together in compounds. They form when the electrons around two atoms interact.

Remember… atoms can transfer electrons. Ion: when atom gains or loses electrons Location on the periodic table gives us a clue as to the types of ions that will form…

Atoms with a full outer shell (or 8 valence electrons) are considered stable (and happy!). This is called the octet rule. In order for the atom to be stable, it will form bonds with other atoms. For example: Elements in Group 1 have only 1 valence electron. They are very reactive because they want to get rid of that 1 electron. So, which group are they likely to form compounds with? Which group would want to GAIN one electron to be full and happy? Group 17! Why? They have 7 valence electrons, and only need one more! Creation of ions!! 

Electrons move from one atom to the other. Ionic Bonds Electrons move from one atom to the other. Force of attraction between positive and negative ions is called an ionic bond. This bond is formed between metals and non-metals.

Practice Forming Ionic Bonds Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Sodium + Chlorine Sodium Chloride (???) Cl Na Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Sodium + Chlorine Sodium Chloride (???) Cl Na Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Sodium + Chlorine Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Cl Na Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Ionic Bonding

Magnesium + Iodine Magnesium Iodide (???) Mg Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Magnesium + Iodine Magnesium Iodide (???) Mg Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net I

Magnesium Iodide (MgI2) Magnesium + Iodine Magnesium Iodide (MgI2) I Mg I Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Potassium + Iodine Potassium Iodide (???) K Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Potassium + Iodine Potassium Iodide (???) K I Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Potassium + Iodine Potassium Iodide (KI) Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net K

Sodium + Oxide Sodium Oxide (???) Na Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Sodium + Oxide Sodium Oxide (???) Na Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net Na

Sodium + Oxide Sodium Oxide (Na2O) Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net Na

Calcium + Chlorine Calcium Chloride (???) Cl Ca Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Calcium + Chlorine Calcium Chloride (???) Cl Cl Ca Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) Calcium + Chlorine Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) Cl Cl Cl Cl Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net Ca

Magnesium + Sulfur Magnesium Sulfide (???) Mg Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Magnesium + Sulfur Magnesium Sulfide (???) Mg Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Magnesium Sulfide (MgS) Magnesium + Sulfur Magnesium Sulfide (MgS) S Mg Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Aluminium + Chlorine Aluminium Chloride (???) Cl Al Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Aluminium + Chlorine Aluminium Chloride (???) Cl Al Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Aluminium Chloride (AlCl3) Aluminium + Chlorine Aluminium Chloride (AlCl3) Cl Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net Al Cl Cl

Covalent Bonds Atoms can share electrons, too. Nonmetals with nonmetals A pair of shared electrons between two atoms is called a covalent bond. No ions are formed: neither atom gains or loses an electron.

Polar Covalent Bonds A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally. In a water molecule, the oxygen atom attracts electrons far more strongly than the hydrogen atoms. Therefore, the oxygen side has a slightly negative charge and the hydrogen side has a slightly positive charge.

Practice Forming Covalent Bonds Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Hydrogen + Hydrogen Hydrogen Gas (???) Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Hydrogen + Hydrogen Hydrogen Gas (???) Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

These electrons are shared between both atoms Hydrogen + Hydrogen Hydrogen Gas (H2) H H Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net These electrons are shared between both atoms

Hydrogen + Chlorine Hydrogen Chloride (???) Cl Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Hydrogen + Chlorine Hydrogen Chloride (???) Cl H Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) Hydrogen + Chlorine Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) H Cl Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net These electrons are shared between both atoms

Chlorine + Chlorine Chlorine Gas (???) Cl Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Chlorine + Chlorine Chlorine Gas (???) Cl Cl Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

These electrons are shared between both atoms Chlorine + Chlorine Chlorine Gas (Cl2) Cl Cl Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net These electrons are shared between both atoms

Oxygen + Hydrogen Water (???) Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Hydrogen + Oxygen Water (???) Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

These electrons are shared between both atoms Hydrogen + Oxygen Water (H2O) O H Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net These electrons are shared between both atoms H

Hydrogen + Nitrogen Ammonia (???) Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Hydrogen + Nitrogen Ammonia (???) Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

These electrons are shared between both atoms Hydrogen + Nitrogen Ammonia (NH3) H These electrons are shared between both atoms N H Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net H

Carbon + Hydrogen Methane (???) Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Carbon + Hydrogen Methane (???) Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

These electrons are shared between both atoms Carbon + Hydrogen Methane (CH4) H These electrons are shared between both atoms C H H Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net H

Oxygen + Oxygen Oxygen Gas (???) Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Oxygen + Oxygen Oxygen Gas (???) Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

These electrons are shared between both atoms = Double Bond Oxygen + Oxygen Oxygen Gas (O2) These electrons are shared between both atoms = Double Bond O=O O O Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Carbon + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide (???) Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Carbon + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide (???) Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

Electrons are shared between both atoms = Double Bonds Carbon + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Electrons are shared between both atoms = Double Bonds O=C=O O C O Slides to be used with the lesson plan posted ‘Bonding Basics’ on ScienceSpot.net

DO NOW: Complete the handout “Ionic and Covalent Bonds”

Aluminum Potassium Magnesium Sodium Chlorine Fluorine Nitrogen Oxygen Element Atomic Symbol Metal or NonMetal Valence Electrons Give or Take/Share Aluminum Potassium Magnesium Sodium Chlorine Fluorine Nitrogen Oxygen Hydrogen Carbon Iodine Calcium

Aluminum Potassium Magnesium Sodium Chlorine Fluorine Nitrogen Oxygen Element Atomic Symbol Metal or NonMetal Valence Electrons Give or Take/Share Aluminum Al M 3 G Potassium K 1 Magnesium Mg 2 Sodium Na Chlorine Cl NM 7 TS Fluorine F Nitrogen N 5 Oxygen O 6 Hydrogen H Carbon C 4 Iodine I Calcium Ca

Bonds Activity With the person sitting next to you, you are going to create the chemical bonds listed in the boxes on your paper. The Pennies represent the element symbol. The beads represent the valence electrons. On your desk, you will create the bonds for each box using the materials. DO NOT DRAW IT ON YOUR PAPER until it is checked.