Language Arts Final Exam Review

A noun is a person, place, thing or idea What is a noun? A noun is a person, place, thing or idea

Examples of Nouns Person student boy child girl Place house school park mall Thing phone chair lunch backpack Idea beauty love justice

What is the difference between common and proper nouns? A common noun is any person, place, thing, or idea. It is not capitalized. A proper noun is a particular person, place, thing or idea. It is capitalized. Examples of common nouns beach, team, teacher Examples of proper nouns Jones Beach, Vikings, Ms. Dolan

Seaford Middle School is a great school. (Seaford Middle School = proper noun) (school = common noun)   Summer is the best season. (Summer & season= common nouns)

Rule #2 Add es in words ending in s, z, x, sh,ch Rules for Plurals Rule #2 Add es in words ending in s, z, x, sh,ch Examples: fox –foxes bush – bushes watch – watches couch - couches Rule #1 Most nouns add S Examples: boy – boys house – houses shirt - shirts

Rule # 3 Add S to words ending in a y with a vowel before it Rules for Plurals Rule #4 Change Y to i and add es to words ending in y with a consonant before it Examples: party – parties penny – pennies baby – babies lady - ladies Rule # 3 Add S to words ending in a y with a vowel before it Examples: key – keys bay – bays boy - boys

Rules for Plurals Examples: radio – radios patio – patios Rule #5 Add es for words that end with a consonant and an o Examples: hero – heroes potato – potatoes tomato - tomatoes Rule # 6 Add s to words that end with a vowel and an o Examples: radio – radios patio – patios stereo - stereos

Rules for Plurals Examples: Examples: foot – feet deer – deer Rule # 8 Some nouns change their vowels Examples: foot – feet mouse – mice tooth – teeth goose - geese Rule #7 Some nouns stay the same Examples: deer – deer sheep – sheep fish – fish moose - moose

Rule #9 Change f to v for words that end in f or fe Rules for Plurals Rule #9 Change f to v for words that end in f or fe Examples: wife – wives life – lives leaf – leaves wolf – wolves knife - knives

Rule #9 Change f to v for words that end in f or fe Rules for Plurals Rule #9 Change f to v for words that end in f or fe Examples: wife – wives life – lives leaf – leaves wolf – wolves knife - knives

Possessive Nouns show ownership or belonging.   Rule for singular possessive nouns: Add an apostrophe and an S even if it ends in an S (Examples: Boy’s behavior / Chris’s cookies) Rules for plural possessive nouns: Words that do not end in an S = add apostrophe and an S Words that end in an S = add an apostrophe (Examples: children’s classroom / teachers’ faculty room)

What is a Pronoun? A pronoun takes the place of a noun.

Examples of Pronouns Pronouns that do things: I, you, he, she, we, it, they Pronouns that have things done to them: me, him, her, us, it, them Pronouns that possess or own something: our, hers, his, its, my, mine, theirs, yours

Underline the following pronouns. 1 Underline the following pronouns. 1. We should be studying each night for the final exams. 2. I would like to visit the pyramids in Egypt. 3. They are going to go with the team to the championship game. 4. My father is a very generous man.

Examples: jump, swim, talk, laugh Verbs What are Action Verbs? Words that express action. Examples: jump, swim, talk, laugh

What are Linking Verbs? Verbs that tell us about the state of being of a noun or pronoun. There is no action. Many linking verbs are forms of the verb, to be: be, being, am, is, are, was, were Other common linking verbs: like, seems, remains, become, grow, stay, turn, sound, smell, feel, appear, look

Each verb is a link between the word on either side of it. He is tall. (He = tall) We are the winners. (We = winners.) The sum of two and four is six. (six = sum)

What are Helping Verbs? Verbs that help main verbs tell when the action take place Examples: be, are, is, was, were, being, been, do, does, did, have, has, had, may, must, might, will, can, shall, could, would, should

Examples of Helping Verbs?   The students were selling ticket two weeks in advance. were = helping, selling = action Speed boats can be used in rescue operations. can be = helping, used = action

What is an Adjective? An adjective is a word that describes a noun or pronoun.

Examples - hairy, scary, red, large, big Adjective Examples - hairy, scary, red, large, big

Adjective The girl has long, beautiful hair. (long and beautiful = adjectives) It describes the hair.  

Adjective Underline the adjectives.   Underline the adjectives. The boy is wearing a large orange sweatshirt. The family enjoyed the hot delicious soup.

What is an Adverb? An adverb modifies a verb, adverb, or adjective. Examples - slowly, early, carefully

Adverb The car drove carefully down the street. (carefully = adverb)   The car drove carefully down the street. (carefully = adverb) It explains how the car drove.

Adverb Underline the adverbs. The plane quickly flew across the sky.   The plane quickly flew across the sky. The large horse ran swiftly on the beach.

What is a Preposition? A preposition helps show the relationship of a noun Examples - above, over, by, in, across, under, to

Common Prepositions: aboard, about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, as, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, in front of, inside, instead, into, like, near, next to, of, off, on, out, out of, outside, over, past, since, through, throughout, to, toward, under, underneath, unlike, until, up, up to, upon, with, within, without

Prepositions Example: *He jumped over the mountain. The phrase is over the mountain. The preposition is over, and its object is mountain. The preposition over shows the relationship between He and mountain.

What is a Conjunction? a word that connects words or sentences Examples: and, or, but

What is an Interjection? An interjection is a word that expresses a strong feeling. Examples - Wow! Holy Cow! Ouch!