Ionic Bonds and Ionic Bonding Ms. Samayoa Chemistry Birmingham community charter high school

Learning Objective & Vocab Learning Objective: Students will understand that when cations and anions combine they form an ionic bond Academic vocabulary: anions, cations, ions, ionic bond, electrostatic attraction, and lattice structure

There are three types of bonds: Ionic bonds Covalent bonds Metallic bonds Today we are going to focus on ionic bonding

Ionic Bonding Ionic bonds are chemical bonds that hold metal atoms and nonmetal atoms together

Examples of Ionic Bonds Silver Chloride Magnesium Iodide Aluminum Oxide Call three students and ask which atom is metal and nonmetal and if they make an ionic bond and why

Today we are going to focus on salt The scientific name for table salt is sodium chloride Sodium chloride happens when sodium and chlorine are held together through an ionic bond

Question What does electronegativity mean? The ability of an atom to steal electrons Which atom is more electronegative? Sodium or chlorine? Chlorine is more electronegative Sodium and chlorine are on the same period and because chlorine has more protons than sodium, it will have a higher electronegativity.

What is the electron configuration of sodium? 1s22s23s1 How many valence electrons does sodium have? 1 What is the electron configuration of chlorine? 1s22s23s23p5 How many valence electrons does chlorine have? 7

So why do sodium and chlorine form an ionic bond? The reason why sodium and chlorine form an ionic bond is because they each want a full octet and end up getting electrical charges Sodium turns into (cation/anion) with a (positive/negative) charge Chlorine turns into (cation/anion) with a (positive/negative) charge What do opposite charges like to do? They like to attract!

1. Start with separate atoms: nonmetal atom and metal atom 2. Sodium atom gives one electron to chlorine atom which changes the charge of the two atoms cation anion 3. Atoms get a charge and become ions. They attract each other because they have opposite charges. Sodium chloride

What patterns do you notice amongst ionic bonds? Metals Electron givers Always lose electrons Cations Positive charge (+) Nonmetals Electron takers Always gain electrons Anions Negative charge (-)

Ionic Bonds: Electrostatic Attraction Remember that opposites attract! When metals give up an electron, it becomes positive (cation) When nonmetals gain an electron, it becomes negative (anion)

Ionic Bonds: Electrostatic Attraction Electrostatic Attraction: The force of attraction between a positive charge and a negative charge

Lattice Structure Opposite charges don’t only attract in groups of two! They can also attract other sodium chlorides and form what is called a lattice structure

Names & Formulas of Compounds Learning Objective: When students are given the formula of a compound, they would be able to write the name. When students are given the name of a compound, they would be able to write the formula.

Chemical Formula  Chemical Name The name of an ionic compound is made up of just two words: Name of the cation (metal) Cations have the same names as the elements For example, K+ = potassium Name of the anion Anions, the name changes to – ide For example, chlorine becomes chloride Negative Ions Fluoride F- Chloride Cl- Bromide Br- Iodide I- Oxide O2- Sulfide S2- Nitride N3- Phosphide P3-

Chemical Formula  Chemical Name Example K2S Cation is potassium so leave as is Anion is sulfur so change from sulfur  sulfide Potassium Sulfide CaBr2 Cation is Calcium so leave as is Anion is Bromine so change from bromine  bromide Calcium Bromide

Practice Chemical Formula Chemical Name NaF NaI CsF CsCl LiF BeS CaO BaS LiCl Na2S MgCl2 BaF2

Practice Chemical Formula Chemical Name NaF Sodium Fluoride NaI Sodium Iodide CsF Cesium Fluoride CsCl Cesium Chloride LiF Lithium Fluoride BeS Berrylium Sulfide CaO Calcium Oxide BaS Barium Sulfide LiCl Lithium Chloride Na2S Sodium Sulfide MgCl2 Magnesium Chloride BaF2 Barium Fluoride

Chemical Name  Chemical Formula Board Example: Lithium Oxide Potassium Nitride Sodium Chloride Aluminum Oxide On the board have periodic table written on it with charges and show how to do certain ionic bond formuals

Practice Chemical Name Chemical Formula Lithium Fluoride Sodium Bromide Potassium Chloride Cesium Fluoride Cesium Bromide Beryllium Oxide Magnesium Oxide Calcium Oxide Sodium Sulfide Lithium Oxide Potassium Oxide Calcium Chloride Barium Iodide

Practice Chemical Name Chemical Formula Lithium Fluoride LiF Sodium Bromide NaBr Potassium Chloride KCl Cesium Fluoride CsF Cesium Bromide CsBr Beryllium Oxide BeO Magnesium Oxide MgO Calcium Oxide CaO Sodium Sulfide Na2S Lithium Oxide Li2O Potassium Oxide K2O Calcium Chloride CaCl2 Barium Iodide BaI2

But what about ionic bonds that contain transition metals? Number Roman Numerals 1 I 2 II 3 III 4 IV 5 V 6 VI 7 VII 8 VIII 9 IX 10 X Remember that transition metals DO NOT ALWAYS HAVE THE SAME CHARGE For example, Iron can have two possible charges: Fe2+ or Fe3+ In order to tell which iron is in the ionic bond, look at the Roman Numerals Example: Iron (II) Oxide Am I using Fe2+ or Fe3+? Answer: Fe2+

Check for Understanding What charge does Tin have in Tin (II) Bromide? What charge does Tin have in Tin (IV) Chloride? What charge does Iron have in Iron (III) Chloride? What charge does Iron have in Iron (II) Bromide?

Chemical Name  Chemical Formula Tin (II) Bromide Tin (IV) Chloride Iron (III) Chloride Iron (II) Bromide Board

Practice Chemical Name Chemical Formula Nickel (III) Bromide Cobalt (II) Chloride Lead (IV) Fluoride Copper (II) Iodide Iron (III) Iodide

Practice Chemical Name Chemical Formula Nickel (III) Bromide NiBr3 Cobalt (II) Chloride CoCl2 Lead (IV) Fluoride PbF4 Copper (II) Iodide CuI2 Iron (III) Iodide FeI3

Learning Objective Be able to identify a polyatomic ion and being able to read a chemical formula containing a polyatomic ion

What is a polyatomic ion? Polyatomic Ions What is a polyatomic ion? What happens when a bunch of atoms connect together and form a clump that has a positive or negative charge

List of Polyatomic Ions

Common Polyatomic Ions

Ca(NO3)2 ZnSO4 Ba(OH)2 Calcium Nitrate Zinc Sulfate Barium Hydroxide Example Ca(NO3)2 Calcium Nitrate ZnSO4 Zinc Sulfate Ba(OH)2 Barium Hydroxide

Practice Chemical Name Chemical Formula Calcium Carbonate Calcium Sulfate Barium Acetate Barium Phosphate   Magnesium Sulfite

Practice Chemical Name Chemical Formula Calcium Carbonate CaCO3 Calcium Sulfate CaSO4 Barium Acetate Ba(C2H3O2)2 Barium Phosphate Ba3(PO4)2  Magnesium Sulfite MgSO3 

Practice Chemical Formula Chemical Name Ca3(PO4)2 Ba(OH)2 BaSO4 Mg3(PO4)2   Ca(MnO4)2

Practice Chemical Formula Chemical Name Ca3(PO4)2 Calcium Phosphate Ba(OH)2 Barium Hydroxide BaSO4 Barium Sulfate Mg3(PO4)2 Magnesium Phosphate  Ca(MnO4)2 Calcium Permanganate