Crustal Plates & Ocean Basins Earth Structures Plate Tectonics Crustal Plates & Ocean Basins

Essential Standards 6.E.2 Understand the structure of the earth and how interactions of constructive and destructive forces have resulted in changes in the surface of the Earth over time and the effects of the lithosphere on humans.

Clarifying Objectives 6.E.2.2Explain how crustal plates and ocean basins are formed, move and interact using earthquakes, heat flow and volcanoes to reflect forces within the earth.

Essential Questions What is the Theory of Plate Tectonics? What is the relationship between plate boundaries and major geological events? How are the 4 plate boundaries similar & different?

EOG Questions What causes the movement of tectonic plates?

Theory of Plate Tectonics The Theory of Plate Tectonics is the story of why the Earth’s Continents are drifting Plate Tectonics is centered around CONVECTION in the Earth’s Mantle

Continental Drift Many scientists believe that the Earth started as one HUGE SUPERCONTINENT and drifted little by little into 7 different continents we have today The drifting of the continents is called CONTINENETAL DRIFT Continents only drift 3-5 centimeters per year

PANGAEA Pangea The History of the Continents Pangaea is what geologist scientists called the super continent that they believed existed millions of years ago Scientists believed that it was one landmass before the continents started drifting Pangea The History of the Continents http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QL7LX5-ytOg

MODERN PANGEA What if the continents were smashed back together, to form a modern day Pangea. It would kept the same country borders that exist today. How would this affect international relations? How would this change daily life? What would happen to tourism, economies, societies, immigration, government? Would this be a better or worse version of the world?

Essential Question Get with a partner and discuss then answer…. What is the Theory of Plate Tectonics?

Lithosphere Lithosphere is the thin layer of rock that makes up part of the Earth’s crust Lithosphere contains both Crustal Plates (Continents) Ocean Basins (ocean floor)

Asthenosphere The Asthenosphere rides right above the mantle and right below the Lithosphere It is made of flowing rock It is similar to lava

Crustal Plates Crustal Plates are the continents of the world They are located in the lithosphere They float on top of the Asthenosphere which lets them drift and move

Ocean Basins Ocean basins are the Sea Floors of the world They are also part of the Lithosphere They also float on the Asthenosphere and sometimes break open and spill out lava (volcano)

Why are the Crustal Plates Moving? Crustal Plates are moving because of the FORCE being put on it through CONVECTION CONVECTION heat transfer/flow moves the plates The molten lava from INSIDE the Earth is pushing up on the plates causing them to move plate tectonics http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryrXAGY1dmE

Continental Boundaries Continental Boundaries are the edges of the continents There are 4 different Continental Boundaries Convergent Boundary Divergent Boundary Transformed Boundary Subduction Boundary

Continental Boundaries They move & interact with other continental boundaries causing FORCE & disasters The FORCE between Continental Boundaries when they slam into each other is responsible for Natural Disasters around the world

Convergent Boundaries Convergent Boundaries are when two Continental plates collide TOGETHER When continents converge together they will form MOUNTAINS Plate Tectonics - A Documentary http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-HwPR_4mP4

Divergent Boundaries Divergent Boundaries happen when two Continental plates or an Ocean Basins SPLIT APART Divergent Boundaries will make the Continents move apart Divergent Boundaries moving causes the Sea Floor to spread and a TRENCH to form Plate Tectonics - A Documentary http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-HwPR_4mP4

Transformed Boundaries Plate Tectonics - A Documentary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-HwPR_4mP4 Plate Movement http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1oLeKTvSIzQ Transformed Boundaries happen when two plates RUB AGAINST EACH OTHER This rubbing action is what causes EARTHQUAKES

Subduction Boundaries plate tectonics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryrXAGY1dmE&list=PL6BB621121FEF758A 3D Animation showing Formation of a Tsunami https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHljDIDf6js&list=PL6BB621121FEF758A Subduction Boundaries happen when one part of the Earth’s crust SLIPS UNDER another part This will usually cause a VOLCANO This will also cause a tsunami

Natural Disasters Natural disasters occur because Continental plates crash into each other Convergence causes MOUNTAINS Divergence causes Convergence somewhere else Transformation causes EARTHQUAKES Subduction causes VOLCANOS

Essential Question Get with a partner and discuss then answer…. What is the relationship between plate boundaries and major geological events? How are the 4 plate boundaries similar & different?

EOG Questions Which causes the movement of tectonic plates? A) gravitational pull between Earth and the moon B) convection occurring beneath the Earth’s crust C) energy produced by earthquakes within the Earth D) rotation of liquid rock found within the core

EOG Questions Which most likely occurs when two plates are pushed into one another? A) The plates will stop moving. B) The plates will form a trench. C) The plates will form a mountain. D) The plates will break into pieces

Important Points Plate Tectonics is the idea that all land started as one then broke apart and started drifting Plates move because of CONVECTION Four types of plate boundaries Convergent Divergent Transformed Subduction Plate boundary causes movement force which causes Natural Disasters Convergence (coming together) = MOUNTAINS DIVERGENCE (moving apart) = Convergence in other areas & TRENCHES TRANSFORMATION (sliding) = EARTHQUAKES SUBDUCTION (Slipping under) = VOLCANO