The World’s Geography Chapter 1 Test Review

What is Pangea? A theory that all landmasses used to be one big continent Forces deep within Earth’s surface caused Pangea to break up into smaller continents We call this continuing movement: Continental Drift

Continental Drift Made up of layers Earth’s Inner Structure Made up of layers Crust: Earth’s surface Mantle: Hot, rock –like Core: Solid, metal, surrounded by molten outer core Heat causes the mantle to create pressure on the crust This forces the crust to rise Rocks are pushed upward

Formation of Mountain Ranges Forces within the Earth cause plates on the surface to move in different ways When two plates push together, their edges may crumple and fold

Formation of Volcanoes When one plate slides under another

Can people change the land? Yes! How so? Buildings Dams Chopping down trees Shape land to make it more useful or habitable

Earth’s Bodies of Water List the following oceans from largest to smallest: Answer Atlantic Ocean Arctic Ocean Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Arctic Ocean Did you know the Earth’s oceans are actually one big ocean divided into four parts by continents and landmasses?

Currents The movement of Earth’s oceans These are streams of ocean water Set in motion by the wind Carry cold water from the North and South Poles toward the equator Warm water near the equator moves towards the poles This greatly affects temperatures of land areas

How are ocean waves created? Wind The moon causes tides- a regular, rhythmic rise and fall of the oceans Tidal Waves: Earthquakes and Severe thunder storms

The Water We Drink Oceans make up 97% of Earth’s water More than 99% of Earth’s water is not drinkable 77% of our fresh water is frozen in glaciers and ice caps Some fresh water floats around in the air Some from the dampness of soil Only 6% resides in lakes and rivers Water that is not soaked up by the soil is called surface water Surface water winds up in our lakes, rivers, and streams Surface water is the water humans can drink and use

Where did the first settlements reside? Near rivers Soil is fertile from deposition Deposition is sediment dropped in new areas Why is water so important to us? Survival of people, plants, and animals

Earth’s Climates and Vegetation Defined: What affect does climate have on people, animals and places? The kind of weather a place has over a long period of time The climate of a place is related to its nearness to large areas of land or water, how close it is to the equator, and its height above sea level Can only live in certain climates People learn to adapt to certain climates The kinds of clothes we wear The food we grow

Types of Climates Temperate (Can be warm or cold depending on location) Polar (Cold/Freezing) Tropical (Warm/Humid/Rainy) Highland (Cool/Rocky) Desert (Arid)

Population and Settlement Desert Regions are Growing! Why? Fertile soil, farmland, and forests on the edges of deserts are being lost Plant life is being destroyed by over-grazing, over-farming, or overlogging This is called desertification

People, Land, and Water Why is flatland ideal for people? Think about it! It is easier to live on flatland near water than mountains Why do suppose this is so? Can you think of some examples of civilizations we’ve studied in this chapter that provide supporting evidence that flatland and water is best for human habitation?

Migration Drought War Unemployment Famine What are some reasons people move? Drought War Unemployment Famine Want a fresh start with new opportunity Climate