Current Issues and Trends Discovery Tools Current Issues and Trends Marshall Breeding Independent Consultant, Author, and Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http://librarytechnology.org/ http://twitter.com/mbreeding Internet Librarian 2016 October 17, 2013

Description Libraries face a complex set of choices as they consider the best technologies to assist them in managing and providing access to their collections and services. Breeding provides an overview and analysis of the current environment of discovery tools for libraries.

Library Discovery Past

Bound Catalog National Library of Colombia

Card Catalog National Library of Argentina

Online Catalog Scope of Search ILS Data Online Catalog Search: Scope of Search Books, Journals, and Media at the Title Level Not in scope: Articles Book Chapters Digital objects Search Results

NOTIS: MDAS Multiple Database Access System Released in 1989 Article-level indexing (Mostly Wilson Databases) Grant supported by Pew Charitable Trusts Development Partners: NOTIS and Vanderbilt University See: Steffey, RJ. “NOTIS multiple database access system: a look behind the scenes” Online , v14 n5 p46-49 Sep 1990

Next-gen Catalogs or Discovery Interface Single search box Query tools Did you mean Type-ahead Relevance ranked results Faceted navigation Enhanced visual displays Cover art Summaries, reviews, Recommendation services Scope of Search Books, Journals, and Media at the Title Level Other local and open access content Not in scope: Articles Book Chapters Digital objects

Discovery Interface search model ILS Data Discovery Interface search model Digital Collections Search: Local Index ProQuest Search Results EBSCOhost MetaSearch Engine … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Real-time query and responses

Web-scale Index-based Discovery ILS Data Web-scale Index-based Discovery (2009- present) Digital Collections Search: Web Site Content Institutional Repositories Aggregated Content packages Search Results Consolidated Index Open Access … E-Journals Usage-generated Data Customer Profile Reference Sources Pre-built harvesting and indexing

Resource Discovery Trends

Current state Academic Libraries: Public Libraries Index-based model dominates 3: Ex Libris, EBSCO, OCLC Public Libraries Online catalogs or discovery interfaces from ILS Vendor Replacement Discovery Interfaces Comprehensive Library portals

2015 Index-based Discovery Index-Based Discovery Services Installations 2013-2015 Product 2015 2014 2013 Total EBSCO Discovery Service 2,634 2634 1774 10,003 Primo 117 88 98 1,766 Summon 158 195 169 718 WorldCat Discovery Services 3,642 WorldCat Local 698

Web-scale Index-based Discovery ILS Data Web-scale Index-based Discovery (2009- present) Digital Collections Search: Web Site Content Institutional Repositories Aggregated Content packages Search Results Consolidated Index Open Access … E-Journals Usage-generated Data Customer Profile Reference Sources Pre-built harvesting and indexing

Bento Box Discovery Model Aggregated Content packages Search: Open Access ILS Data VuFind / Blacklight E-Journals Consolidated Index Search Results Web Site Content Digital Collections Institutional Repositories Pre-built harvesting and indexing

Integrate Discovery with Resource Management? Should there be a tight bundling of Discovery Services with Library Services Platforms: WorldCat Discovery Services + WorldShare Management Services Primo + Alma EBSCO rejects tight bundling Partners with almost all ILS products Support for open source FOLIO project Many libraries prefer providing discovery separately

Discovery from Content Providers Two of the major discovery services are tied to content providers: EBSCO Information Services EBSCO Discovery Service ProQuest: Summon Primo + Primo Central Explicit bias would not be tolerated by libraries Providing discovery services can provide insight into content acquisition and patron behaviors

Emphasis on Digital Lending Services Most public libraries offer some type of e-book lending service Ongoing reliance on content provided by OverDrive, Recorded Books, Bibliotheca, Odilo and others Interest in library centered e-book lending solutions NYPL: SimplyE App (created as part of the Library Simplified initiative)

Phases of E-book integration Link to provider’s platform Load bibliographic records in catalog API integration to enable full discovery, search, and download from library catalog Library-centered e-book lending platform

Connecting e-books to readers Publishers Many others… Authors E-Book Services Readers

E-Book Integration Model Aggregated Content packages Search: ILS Data Library Catalog Index Search Results Web Site Content Digital Collections Authentication Checkout - Download External E-Book Lending Service Local E-book Repository Discovery

From Discovery to Content Management Extend the discovery environment to not only replace the online catalog, but to replace the full library web site Library-specific content management system Fully integrate discovery into the library’s web environment Include all content and services on the site into discovery Comprehensive library portal

Examples BiblioCommons: Infor Axiell BiblioCore + BiblioCMS Infor Iguana Axiell Arena Global Forge (formerly Hybrid Forge) Stacks Toronto Public Library Endeca-powered catalog + Web site

Library Discovery Futures Beyond Index-based Discovery

The future of Resource Discovery Discovery more integrated into a broader view of library content and services More comprehensive discovery indexes Stronger technologies for search and retrieval Discovery beyond library-provided interfaces Linked Data to supplement discovery indexes

Universal participation Barriers to participation soften as mutual interest prevails over competitive conditions Advantage to content providers to maximize exposure of resources Discovery providers gain value in functionality as metadata becomes increasingly commoditized Essential to preserve value of indexing and abstracting services Content providers see discovery as a essential channel for distribution

More Distributed Discovery Address the reality that discovery takes place outside of library provided interfaces Optimized exposure in the ecosystem of search engine and social network Not Concentrated on the Library web site Expression of discovery services via other campus tools and portals and beyond

Multi-layered discovery Native interfaces of specialized content services Disciplinary aggregations General library discovery tools Global Internet-based discovery

Discovery beyond Library Interfaces Improved performance of library content through Google Scholar Same expectations for transparency? Better exposure of library-oriented content Schema.org or other microdata formats Better exposure of scholarly resources Open access and Proprietary Embedded tools in other campus interfaces

Part of the General Internet Infrastructure Scholarly content will be promoted via similar mechanisms as commercial content Additional levels of infrastructure to protect privacy Resource management and/or discovery tools expose content items as open linked data

Library opts out of Discovery Utrecht University Library Decision to not implement a discovery service but to rely entirely on Google Scholar and other general and scholarly search engines http://www.uu.nl/en/university-library/searching-for- literature/searching-for-articles-books-theses Kortekaas , Simone. “Thinking the unthinkable: a library without a catalogue — Reconsidering the future of discovery tools for Utrecht University library.” LIBER General Annual Conference 2012

Linked Data / Semantic Search Major trend toward information systems based on linked data Many projects now based on linked data Area of peak interest for Library of Congress, OCLC, etc BIBFRAME Potential to transform how libraries approach discovery Likely interim hybrid models: central indexes + Linked Data Current opportunities in making library content more discoverable

Hybrid models Can index-based search tools be improved through Linked Data Browse to related resources Add additional hierarchies of structure to search results

Possibilities for Open Access discovery index Open source tools exist for discovery Interfaces: VuFind Blacklight No open access discovery indexes High threshold of expense and difficulty to build index Platform costs Software development Publisher relations Billions of content items to index and maintain

Current model requires massive resources Threshold of resources required currently too high for open access central discovery index Assessment might change if options narrowed Opportunities to lower barriers to entry? More open model more likely to come through linked data discovery model

Commoditization of Central Indexes Knowledgebases of e-resource coverage commoditized via KBART and other factors Central index content likewise will eventually become commoditized Limited number of discovery service platforms? Value found in the synergies between library resource management and optimized discovery and delivery

Value in open scholarship Hopefully the future will be based on open access to scholarly research Mandates from funding organizations will transform scholarly communications Current discovery models based on preponderance of proprietary content Future discovery must assume dominance of open access publishing and underlying data sets

Future of discovery service products Remain one of the essential components of library technology infrastructure Loosely or tightly tied to resource management Increased sophistication in direct discovery and delivery functionality Increased expectation to syndicate content to local and global discovery context

The next phase of Discovery Now in a critical point for discovery Current products evolve Reaching limits of the prevailing architecture? Current set of products and services an interim step Important for stakeholders to engage in defining the future of library resource discovery Future products must address expected changes in scholarly publishing, library priorities, and institutional strategies.

Questions and discussion