A Struggle for Power Chapter 3

Establishing Independent Trade ________ were used to depending on each other for goods and services, but this eventually ended. Now they had to ________ beyond the shores of America to grow. ________ wouldn’t allow the colonies to trade with whomever they wanted.

Mercantilism The practice of controlling trade for the profit of the ____________________. French, Dutch, Spanish, and Portuguese all did this as well. __________ expected to make a profit from the American colonies. Ships and supplies cost _________ large amounts of money

Mercantilism continued… ___________ needed to control trade to recover these expenses. The _____________ colonies didn’t like being controlled and wanted to bypass the ________ and trade on their own.

Triangular Trade __________ was necessary for survival especially in the north. Farming in ________________ was limited because of long winters and rocky soil Success in ______________= fishing, lumbering, ironworks, rum-making, and shipbuilding.

Triangular Trade continued… _______________ shippers found a ready market in __________ for rum made from molasses. West ________ would buy slaves and spices from Africa. _______________ needed sugar and molasses to make rum. Both could be obtained from the West Indies. Thus, the trade triangle was formed by Africa, the West Indies, and New England.

Triangular Trade

Trade The ___________ trade was out of English control. It was profitable for the shippers in the colonies. Trade continued until ________ began to enforce laws concerning colonial trade. More jobs were created for the colonists and they were gaining more independence. They didn’t feel like they were in __________ colonies any more as more people from different countries kept coming to America.

Review 1.) Why did England need to control colonial trade? 2.) Why do you think people were eager to come to America? 3.) What is mercantilism? 4.) What conditions limited farming in New England? 5.) What were the three parts of the triangular trade route? 6.) What do you think will happen now as the colonists are beginning to enjoy their independence from England?

England Tightens Control ___________ realizes the colonies were getting out of control and wanted to restore strict control over the colonies. __________ ______ were then enforced and passed in 1660 and 1663. The purpose was to regulate trade between England and the colonies. The ___________ were not willing to accept a return to strict control. Serious problems between the __________ and ____________developed.

Moving Westward The colonies continued to grow despite the problems. Settlers moved _______ because they saw an opportunity to go beyond the settlements and over the ______________ Mountains. Moving west was dangerous because the French and ________ _________ occupied these areas. Nevertheless, the numbers there began to grow.

Westward expansion The French refused to give up the large area they claimed. France and England made claims to the Ohio Valley and challenged each other for land.

Disputes over land Governor Dinwiddie of ___________ ordered the French to leave the ________ Valley and to recognize the English claim to the land. George _____________ delivered the letter. The French were respectful to Washington but refused to leave. The French established several forts in preparation for trouble with the ___________.

Albany Plan Delegates from seven colonies met to solve these problems and keep from having a war with the _______. The meeting’s purpose was to secure alliances with the Iroquois and to plan a form a _________ of colonies. This plan prosed by Ben ___________ made the union able to pass laws and manage affairs of the colonies. The plan was turned down (jealousies amongst the colonies)

Review 1.) What was the purpose of the navigation acts? 2.) How did England allow the colonies to get out of control? (expansion) 3.) Why did Americans go westward to the frontier? 4.) Who proposed the Albany Plan? 5.) Why did the Albany Plan fail? 6.) Why would a war involve the colonies?

France vs. Britain The threat of war between the two countries still existed Each country would have its own advantages and disadvantages if a war did break out.  ___________ had the advantage of manpower and could use the colonies for support. But colonies were all independent, and England would deal with each independently. ___________’s main disadvantage was fewer men; they only had one controlling government though. An advantage was the colonists were expected to obey the decisions of the king of ____________ so if he ordered them to fight they would have to. 

France vs. Britain… The __________ were familiar with the _______ Valley and found it easy to adjust to life on the frontier. __________ soldiers were experienced in frontier warfare as well. They had a good relationship with the _______ _________ and the Natives were more willing to help the __________ than the _________.

Preparing for War In 1754, General Edward ___________ was appointed commander in chief of the ________ Army in America. ____________ was expecting war to start at any moment. (would become known as “The _________Years’ War) French/Indian War Misleading name- why?

The war begins General __________ was trained to fight much differently than the _________ __________- he didn’t hide behind trees and rocks He felt the __________ were inferior to the ________ soldiers. (lack of respect) The _________ were winning battle after battle and the colonists lost confidence in the “mighty” ___________ army

Pitt Takes Charge King George II knew if __________ won the war they would claim all the land to the ____________. He appointed William ________ of chief minister of the government. _________ knew how to defeat the ________. He encouraged the colonists to supply men for the army, now they outnumbered the __________. _______ also replaced _________ generals with more capable leaders.

Colonists cooperate The colonists cooperated with _______’s plan and proved to be very good soldiers. The colonists were prepared to fight and _____!

Review 1.) Create a chart that outlines the advantages and disadvantages of France and Britain if they were to go to war. 2.) Who was in charge of the British army in America? 3.) Why was the French/Indian War a misleading name for this war? 4.) Did General Braddock respect the Native American way of fighting? 5.) What two main things did William Pitt do to help the British fight the French better than they were?

British Capture Fort Duquesne One of the most important _________ forts was at Duquesne. The ___________ needed to capture it and drive the _________ out of the _______ Valley. Colonel ____________ led an expedition of over 1000 soldiers, and the __________ soon realized holding the fort was impossible.

Duquesne The British found Fort Duquesne burned and abandoned. Washington’s army renamed it Fort Pitt in honor of their Chief. This site later became Pittsburgh. Major turning point in the war and brought praise to Colonel Washington and established him a great leader.

Final Stages The war continued for a long time. The __________ needed one more major victory to get the __________ to surrender. The stronghold for the ___________ was Quebec, _________. The __________ would have to climb high cliffs in order to reach __________ and Montcalm was confident that he knew how to defend the city. General __________ Wolfe and his army were determined to attack __________. He found a narrow path that led up the cliffs to the plains above.

Capturing Quebec Wolfe ordered his _________ to climb the path at night and would fight the battle at daybreak September 13, 1759. The __________ won the battle but both sides suffered significant losses. Montcalm and _________ had major wounds and died. The loss of _________ was such a major defeat that the ________ surrendered in 1760. ________ lost the seven-year war.

England Wins an Empire. The Treaty of _______ was signed in 1763. ________ got all French land east of the __________ River except New Orleans. _________ got Florida from Spain and in return give ________ to Spain. __________ had to give Spain New Orleans and all of the Louisiana region west of the __________. __________ had no land left in America. _________’s empire stretched from North America to India.

Review 1.) What was one of the most important French forts? 2.) Why did the French abandon the fort? 3.) What was Washington now considered after his battle at Fort Duquesne? 4.) Where was the stronghold for the French? 5.) What was the result of the French losing Quebec? 6.) List which country got what land after the Treaty of Paris was signed.

Chapter Review 1.) Why did England need to control colonial trade? 2.) Why do you think people were eager to come to America? 3.) What is mercantilism? 4.) What conditions limited farming in New England? 5.) What were the three parts of the triangular trade route? 6.) What do you think will happen now as the colonists are beginning to enjoy their independence from England?

Chapter Review 1.) What was the purpose of the navigation acts? 2.) How did England allow the colonies to get out of control? (expansion) 3.) Why did Americans go westward to the frontier? 4.) Who proposed the Albany Plan? 5.) Why did the Albany Plan fail? 6.) Why would a war involve the colonies?

Chapter Review 1.) Who was in charge of the British army in America? 2.) Why was the French/Indian War a misleading name for this war? 3.) Did General Braddock respect the Native American way of fighting? 4.) What two main things did William Pitt do to help the British fight the French better than they were?

Chapter Review 1.) What was one of the most important French forts? 2.) Why did the French abandon the fort? 3.) What was Washington now considered after his battle at Fort Duquesne? 4.) Where was the stronghold for the French? 5.) What was the result of the French losing Quebec? 6.) List which country got what land after the Treaty of Paris was signed.