TVMS 2016-17 7th Grade Timm - Ripple Cells Review Preview
Overview Kahoot Slide / lecture / guided notes Activity (web quest?) Find a video / more guided notes Kahn Academy (a few examples) Macromolecules Energy and enzymes Structure of a cell Membranes and transport Cellular respiration Photosynthesis Cell signaling Cell division Cell drawing / labeling Follow up assessment
Topics Characteristics of living things Level of life Cell theory (6) Life from life (Redi’s experiment) Level of life Cell theory Common structures and functions Plant vs animal Respiration / photosynthesis Hierarchy (cells, tissues, organs, systems, body)
Six characteristics of all living things are: Cellular organization Contain similar chemicals Use energy Grow and develop Respond to their surroundings Reproduce
Produce offspring that are similar to the parents. Reproduction Produce offspring that are similar to the parents.
Life Comes From Life Spontaneous Generation-mistaken theory that living things arise from nonliving things.
Experiments to disprove spontaneous generation. Francesco Redi Flies do not spontaneously arise from decaying meat. Louis Pasteur Spontaneous generation does not occur with bacteria.
Redi’s Experiment Manipulated (independent variable) was the covering on the jar.
Pasteur’s Experiment Manipulated (independent variable) was boiling the broth in one flask.
The Needs of Living Things Energy Water Living space Stable internal conditions (homeostasis)
Organisms use food as their source of energy. Autotrophs- (auto means self; troph means feeder ) organisms that make their own food. Heterotrophs- (hetero-means other) organisms that cannot make their own food.
The Cell Theory All living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. All cells are produced from other cells.
Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes Few internal structures One-celled organisms, Bacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
Cell Size
Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html
“Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
“Typical” Plant Cell http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
Cell Parts Organelles
Surrounding the Cell
Cell Membrane Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria Supports & protects cells http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Movement Across the Plasma Membrane A few molecules move freely Water, Carbon dioxide, Ammonia, Oxygen Carrier proteins transport some molecules Proteins embedded in lipid bilayer Fluid mosaic model – describes fluid nature of a lipid bilayer with proteins
Membrane Proteins 1. Channels or transporters 2. Receptors Move molecules in one direction 2. Receptors Recognize certain chemicals
Membrane Proteins 3. Glycoproteins 4. Enzymes Identify cell type Catalyze production of substances
Cell Walls Found in plants, fungi, & many protists Surrounds plasma membrane
Cell Wall Differences Plants – mostly cellulose Fungi – contain chitin
Inside the Cell
Nucleus Directs cell activities Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane Contains genetic material - DNA
Nucleus Control center of cell Double membrane Contains Chromosomes Nucleolus
DNA Hereditary material Chromosomes Chromatin DNA Protiens Form for cell division Chromatin
Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Nuclear Envelope Separates nucleus from rest of cell Double membrane Has pores
Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA Contain instructions for traits & characteristics http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Nucleolus Most cells have 2 or more Directs synthesis of RNA Forms ribosomes
Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane Contains hereditary material
Endoplasmic Reticulum Moves materials around in cell Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Mitochondria Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates Controls level of water and other materials in cell Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Mitochondria Have their own DNA Bound by double membrane
Mitochondria Break down fuel molecules (cellular respiration) Glucose Fatty acids Release energy ATP
Golgi Bodies Protein 'packaging plant' Move materials within the cell Move materials out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Golgi Apparatus Involved in synthesis of plant cell wall Packaging & shipping station of cell
Golgi Apparatus Function 1. Molecules come in vesicles 2. Vesicles fuse with Golgi membrane 3. Molecules may be modified by Golgi
Golgi Apparatus Function (Continued) 4. Molecules pinched-off in separate vesicle 5. Vesicle leaves Golgi apparatus 6. Vesicles may combine with plasma membrane to secrete contents
Lysosome Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Lysosomes Contain digestive enzymes Functions Aid in cell renewal Break down old cell parts Digests invaders
Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal Contains water solution Help plants maintain shape http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Vacuoles Membrane bound storage sacs More common in plants than animals Contents Water Food wastes
Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll Where photosynthesis takes place http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Plant cells Onion cell Elodea cells Cork cell
“Typical” Plant Cell http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
Plant Cell
Animal Cells Blood cells Frog blood cells Cheek Cells
“Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
Animal Cell
Chloroplasts Derived form photosynthetic bacteria Solar energy capturing organelle
Photosynthesis Takes place in the chloroplast Makes cellular food – glucose
Levels of Organization SONGS
ORGANISM SYSTEM ORGAN TISSUE CELL ORGANELLE MACROMOLECULE MOLECULE ATOM MOLECULE MACROMOLECULE ORGANELLE CELL TISSUE ORGAN SYSTEM ORGANISM
ATOMS Smallest part of matter NON-living
Molecules 2 or more bonded atoms Form compounds NON-living
Macromolecule Very large molecules Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, nucleic acids NON-living
Organelles “Tiny organs” Made of macromolecules
Cell Made of organelles Basic unit of structure & function LIVING
Tissue The same kind cell working together Living
Organs Tissues that work together Living
Systems Organs that work together Living
Organism Entire living things (organisms) Usually made of systems May be a single cell Living
Population Same type of organism living together
Community Several populations living together Population interact
Ecosystem A biotic (living) community plus the abiotic (nonliving) features
Biome Similar ecosystems on earth together
Biosphere Whole living layer around the globe Includes abiotic features http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch8en/conc8en/envisys.html
Tissue Organ System Organism Atom Molecule Macromolecule Organelle Cell Tissue Organ System Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biome Biosphere
Cellular organization Cells Tissue Organs Organ systems