Water Chemistry.

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Presentation transcript:

Water Chemistry

Water Chemistry Hardness Turbidity Dissolved oxygen Carbon dioxide Temperature Salinity Ph Nitrate Nitrite Ammonia

Hardness What is the hardness of water? Why is it important to measure it?

Hardness http://water.usgs.gov/edu/hardness.html Dependent on the amount of dissolved calcium and magnesium in the water The higher the amount, the harder the water Why does this matter to us? Hardness Mg/L of Particulates Soft 0-60 Moderately Hard 61-120 Hard 121-180 Very Hard 180

turbidity What is turbidity? Why is this important to measure?

turbidity The clarity of the water (visibility) http://water.usgs.gov/edu/turbidity.html The clarity of the water (visibility)  How much light can penetrate the water  The particulates in the water Measured with sensors or secchi disks Usually clearer water is cleaner but that does not mean that does not always correlate with the productivity of the water http://50.59.38.231/graphics/caring/water/secchi1.jpg

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) What is dissolved oxygen? Why is it important?

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Amount of oxygen dissolved in the water Exchange of gases happen between the atmosphere and bodies of water any time there is turbulence Measured with DO Probes Important for the survival of the organisms https://cyber-aquaculture.wikispaces.com/file/view/oxygen_process.png/148532025/oxygen_process.png http://nj.gov/drbc/library/images/sotb2013/do_bf-bridge.jpg

Salinity What is salinity? What is it important?

Salinity The Amount of dissolved salts in the water http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/estuaries/estuaries01_whatis.html Salinity The Amount of dissolved salts in the water Fresh water (0-0.5 parts per thousand) Salt Water (35 ppt) Brackish Water (35-0.5 ppt) Measured with Salinometer, Refractometer, or hydrometer (examples on table) Salt water organisms cannot live in fresh water organisms (there are some exceptions) Salinity of most areas stay consistent other than naturally brackish areas, why? https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Water_salinity_diagram.png

Temperature Different organisms can live in different temperature ranges Some thrive in warm while others thrive in cooler waters Measured by thermometer

Ph (Power of Hydrogen) What is ph? Why is it important?

Ph (Power of Hydrogen) Measures the amount of H+ (Hydrogen Ions) and OH- Hydroxyl ions Logarithmic Scale, every step is 10x more than the last Scale O-6 (acidic, h+>OH-) 7 (neutral, H+=OH-) 8-17 (H+<OH-) Fresh water pH = 6-8 Seawater=7.5-8.5 http://www.fondriest.com/environmental-measurements/parameters/water-quality/ph/

Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonia

Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonia Nitrogen products Nitrate-used by photosynthetic organism in growth (can be toxic in high amounts) Nitrite-toxic converted form of ammonia Ammonia-Toxic waste product of most organism http://fishkeepingadvice.com/wp-content/uploads/Nitrogen-Cycle-In-Aquarium1.jpg