5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/wpc.php?utm_expid=4939992-7.scuhn054Q5WXvFD9uRG9Xw.2&utm_referrer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Furl%3Fsa%3Dt%26rct%3Dj%26q%3D%26esrc%3Ds%26frm%3D1%26source%3Dweb%26cd%3D3%26ved%3D0CC0QFjAC%26url%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.worldometers.info%252Fworld-population%252F%26ei%3DKVZqU832NoHwoAS-zoLwBQ%26usg%3DAFQjCNErbPyUCHWnx-PRFhnobEtJRV06Mg%26bvm%3Dbv.66111022%2Cd.cGU Unit 5: Interconnected

“Longevity” “What factors might lead to a much longer life?” “If many people actually live to their 100s, what problems, if any, might this cause?”

5.1 Population Growth Notes Changes in Populations Over Time 4/26/2018 7.1: Population Growth Changes in Populations Over Time Unit 5: Interconnected

Main Ideas/Lecture Topics/Questions Lecture Title (“Population Growth”) & Date Main Ideas/Lecture Topics/Questions “Big Ideas” or Chunking the Lecture

Word Wall: Please highlight these term’s #s in Quizlet Population density Carrying capacity Emigration Immigration Equilibrium Logistic growth Negative feedback Exponential growth Biotic Abiotic Density-dependent Density-independent Please add these to your list; We will define them in the lecture. *Not in Quizlet

5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 Point-of-View The root cause of nearly every environmental issue is human overpopulation. Do you agree with this opinion? Why or why not? Unit 5: Interconnected

What You Need To Know… Population size is controlled by (abiotic) non-living factors. The (biotic) environment influences the size of a population. Feedback mechanisms help to adjust population size toward an “ideal” level.

Enduring Understandings 5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 Enduring Understandings #1) Populations grow or decline through the combined effects of births, deaths, immigration and emigration. #2) There are limits to population growth and a maximum number of individuals an environment can support. Unit 5: Interconnected

1) Population size is controlled by (abiotic) non-living factors. 5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 1) Population size is controlled by (abiotic) non-living factors. Environmental factors Boundaries Density & dispersion of individuals Unit 5: Interconnected

1) Population size is controlled by (abiotic) non-living factors. 5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 1) Population size is controlled by (abiotic) non-living factors. Environmental factors Boundaries Density & dispersion of individuals Unit 5: Interconnected

Figure 53.1 What causes a sheep population to fluctuate in size? 14

1) Population size is controlled by (abiotic) non-living factors. 5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 1) Population size is controlled by (abiotic) non-living factors. Environmental factors Boundaries Density & dispersion of individuals Unit 5: Interconnected

Patterns of dispersion Figure 53.UN01 Patterns of dispersion Figure 53.UN01 Summary figure, Concept 53.1 Clumped Uniform Random 16

(a) Clumped Figure 53.4 Patterns of dispersion within a population’s geographic range. 17

(b) Uniform Figure 53.4 Patterns of dispersion within a population’s geographic range. 18

(c) Random Figure 53.4 Patterns of dispersion within a population’s geographic range. 19

5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 US Population Density Unit 5: Interconnected

5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 Population Density Tokyo: 9,499 persons/mi2 Seattle: 6,715 persons/mi2 Unit 5: Interconnected

Most dense=? Least dense=? Source: http://www.slideshare.net/EMBARQNetwork/01-d-thara-april-tod-prezi

Most dense= Mumbai, India Least dense= Birmingham, UK Mumbai is 7.8 X more packed in! Source: http://www.slideshare.net/EMBARQNetwork/01-d-thara-april-tod-prezi

Limiting factors potentially slow population growth. Abiotic Factors Weather Fire Floods Wind and storms Oxygen supply Space/Area In density-independent (DI) populations, birth rate and death rate do not change with population density © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Please summarize (A.O.T.S.) End of Point #1: Abiotic Factors Please summarize (A.O.T.S.)

What You Need To Know… Population size is controlled by (abiotic) non-living factors. The (biotic) environment influences the size of a population. Feedback mechanisms help to adjust population size toward an “ideal” level.

Enduring Understandings 5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 Enduring Understandings #1) Populations grow or decline through the combined effects of births, deaths, immigration and emigration. #2) There are limits to population growth and a maximum number of individuals an environment can support. Unit 5: Interconnected

2) The (biotic) environment influences the size of a population. 5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 2) The (biotic) environment influences the size of a population. The change in a population’s formula can be broken down into four variables. Unit 5: Interconnected

Growth Formula Change in population size Births Immigrants entering Deaths Emigrants leaving    If immigration and emigration are ignored, a population’s growth rate equals birth rate minus death rate So in math terms, ΔP= (B+I) – (D+E) © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

40 60 12 19 How did the population change (+/-)? Births Deaths Figure 53.3 How did the population change (+/-)? 40 60 Births Deaths Deaths and emigration remove individuals from a population. Births and immigration add individuals to a population. 12 19 Figure 53.3 Population dynamics. Immigration Emigration 30

5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 Unit 5: Interconnected

Limiting factors potentially slow population growth. In density-dependent (DD) populations, birth rates fall and death rates rise with population density Biotic Factors Predation Infection Competition Toxic build-up Available mates © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Please summarize (A.O.T.S.) End of Point #2: Biotic Factors Please summarize (A.O.T.S.)

Enduring Understandings 5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 Enduring Understandings #1) Populations grow or decline through the combined effects of births, deaths, immigration and emigration. #2) There are limits to population growth and a maximum number of individuals an environment can support. Unit 5: Interconnected

What You Need To Know… Population size is controlled by (abiotic) non-living factors. The (biotic) environment influences the size of a population. Feedback mechanisms help to adjust population size toward an “ideal” level.

Word Wall: Let’s focus on these… Population density Carrying capacity Emigration Immigration Equilibrium Logistic growth Negative feedback Exponential growth Biotic Abiotic Density-dependent Density-independent *Not in Quizlet

K = carrying capacity Population size (N) Number of generations Figure 53.UN03 “What do you see?” K = carrying capacity Population size (N) “What does it mean?” Figure 53.UN03 Summary figure, Concept 53.3 Number of generations 37

5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 3) Feedback mechanisms help to adjust a population size toward an “ideal” level. A: Biotic potential B: Carrying capacity (avg.) C: Population max. D: Carrying capacity (actual) E: Endangered/Extinction Unit 5: Interconnected

5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 “Carrying Capacity” Births Immigration Death Emigration Unit 5: Interconnected

Exploring Population Interactions Resources Strategies As you watch the following film segment, please identify two resources that interacting populations are seeking. Water & Food As interacting populations are trying to get resources, they use different strategies to do so. Please describe two of these ways to get needed resources. Cooperation & Predation

3) Feedback mechanisms help to adjust population size toward an “ideal” level. “Logistic growth” reaches carrying capacity and has an “S-shaped” curve. 1,000 180 150 800 Number of Daphnia/50 mL 120 Number of Paramecium/mL 600 90 400 60 200 30 Figure 53.10 How well do these populations fit the logistic growth model? 5 10 15 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Time (days) Time (days) (a) A Paramecium population in the lab (b) A Daphnia population in the lab 41

Exit Task Please define population. Please answer the following questions on the sheet of paper provided. This is due by the end of class. Please define population. What makes a population’s size change? Is there a limit to population size? If so, list three factors (things) that limit it. How well do you understand the topics of the lecture so far? Not very well (1)  very well (5)

5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 3) Feedback mechanisms help to adjust population size toward an “ideal” level. 3a) “Logistic growth” reaches carrying capacity and has an “S-shaped” curve. Three steps (phases) in its process: Lag phase: slow initial growth Growth phase: rapid growth during the middle period of growth. Carrying capacity: growth is limited or zero; birth rates and death rates are approximately equal. Unit 5: Interconnected

K = carrying capacity Population size (N) Number of generations Figure 53.UN03 K = carrying capacity Population size (N) Growth Phase Figure 53.UN03 Summary figure, Concept 53.3 Number of generations Lag Phase 44

5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 Logistic Growth “Carrying Capacity Growth Phase Lag Phase Unit 5: Interconnected

Case Study #1: Paramecium Competition 5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 Case Study #1: Paramecium Competition Relevant Features: Eukaryotic Unicellular Autotrophic Heterotrophic Aquatic Unit 5: Interconnected

Case Study #1: Paramecium Competition 5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 Case Study #1: Paramecium Competition “What do you see?” “What does it mean?” Unit 5: Interconnected

Case Study #2: Lynx v. Rabbits (Predation)

Case Study #2: Lynx v. Rabbits (Predation) 5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 Case Study #2: Lynx v. Rabbits (Predation) “What do you see?” B A “What does it mean?” Unit 5: Interconnected

5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 3) Feedback mechanisms help to adjust population size toward an “ideal” level. 3b) Populations can “crash” toward extinction if they go past their carrying capacity. If the population level continues to increase, even after the carrying capacity, the population level will drastically drop and may even become extinct. Unit 5: Interconnected

5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 “Carrying Capacity”: Birth=Death I =E “Crash”: Quick population death rate Growth Phase Lag Phase Unit 5: Interconnected

5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 3) Feedback mechanisms help to adjust population size toward an “ideal” level. 3c) Exponential growth has not yet reached its carrying capacity and has a “J-shaped” curve. Exponential growth can only occur when resources are abundant: Food (e.g. much of the USA) Mates (non-example: China & “One-Child Policy”) Living space (e.g. Siberia) If these resources are not found in large supply, logistic growth occurs. Unit 5: Interconnected

5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 ‘Halitosis’ is… Unit 5: Interconnected

Population growth begins slowing here. 500 Exponential growth 2,000 1,500 K = 1,500 Logistic growth Population size (N) 1,000 Population growth begins slowing here. Figure 53.9 Population growth predicted by the logistic model. 500 5 10 15 Number of generations 54

5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 Eventually, births and deaths will balance (“carrying capacity”) and our population will stop growing. Our behavior will probably determine whether this results from a decrease in birth rates or an increase in death rates. “What I see is _____.” “This makes me wonder ______.” Unit 5: Interconnected

5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 Makin’ babies!!! The human population as a whole has doubled three times in the last three centuries (showing exponential growth). It now stands at about 7.3 billion and may reach 8+ billion by the year 2025. Most of the increase is due to: improved heath Improved technology (medical, industrial, etc.) An overall decrease in the death rate Unit 5: Interconnected

Please summarize (A.O.T.S.) End of Point #3: Feedback Mechanisms Please summarize (A.O.T.S.)

What You Need To Know… Population size is controlled by (abiotic) non-living factors. The (biotic) environment influences the size of a population. Feedback mechanisms help to adjust population size toward an “ideal” level.

5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 Peer Instruction Protocol Populations Unit 5: Interconnected

5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 Question #1 The increase in numbers of mice beginning at point ”A” probably resulted from an increase in: A) Parasites B) Predators C) Food supply D) The arrival of mice to the area Unit #5: Interconnected Unit 5: Interconnected

5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 Question #1 The increase in numbers of mice beginning at point ”A” probably resulted from an increase in: A) Parasites B) Predators C) Food supply D) The arrival of mice to the area Unit #5: Interconnected Unit 5: Interconnected

5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 Question #2 Harvested almost to extinction, a sea mammal received “endangered species” protection several years ago. Which graph most accurately represents its history and the desired outcome from the protection program? Unit 5: Interconnected

5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 Question #2 Harvested almost to extinction, a sea mammal received “endangered species” protection several years ago. Which graph most accurately represents its history and the desired outcome from the protection program? Unit 5: Interconnected

5.1 Population Growth Notes 4/26/2018 C D B A Unit 5: Interconnected