Parentral Drug Administration

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Presentation transcript:

Parentral Drug Administration

Intravenous administration Drug is introduced directly into the venous circulation IV and intra-arterial administration: no biological membranes to be crossed Used when rapid clinical response is required Plasma conc time curve: rate and duration of injection, rate of distribution and elimination IV dose volume: 1 ml- 500 ml Peripheral vs central veins IV infusion, loading dose Administration of prodrugs: dexamethasone phosphate vs sulphate

IV injection sites

Intramuscular adminsitration (IM) Delivery of exact? quantities with differences in the rate Drugs that are not absorbed orally, rapid blood levels as IV are not required Volume: 2-4 ml IM injection: solution, aq suspension, oily suspensions, oily soln Factors that influence abs rate: Vascularity of the injection site Degree of ionization Lipid solubility Volume of injection Site of administration: arm (deltoid), thigh (vastus lateralis), buttocks (gluteus maximus) Complete and prompt absorption cannot be assured (chlordiazepoxide) Untoward local effects: mechanical aspects of the injection, properties of the drug and solvent IM dosage for sustained release

Deltoid Should not be used in infants or children because of the muscle’s small size. Injection volume should not exceed 1ml in the adult Use a 23-28 gauge, 5/8 to 1 inch needle Rarely used for hospitalized patients. Primarily used for immunizations.

Vastus Lateralis Identify the greater trochanter and the lateral femoral condyle Select the site using the middle third and the anterior lateral aspect of the thigh.

Sites for IM injections

Subcutaneous injection Injections are made under the skin into the subcutaneous tissue Volume: 1.0 ml or less Abs may be enhanced by massage, heat, vasodilators Insulin Vascularity