Status of the HiLumi DS and HL-LHC project Lucio Rossi - CERN HL-LHC Project Coordinator LARP CM 18 - FERMILAB

Content Present LHC and luminosity evolution Reasons for the upgrade Luminosity Upgrade: the main ingredients FP7 HiLumi Design Study Status Further evolution: the Energy upgrade

Recap: lumi results 2011 @ 7 Tev c.o.m.

Program LHC next ten years

Many changes : IR Magnets (triplet, D1, D2, MQ4, …) SC Crab Cavities, IR Col, New Cryo IP1-IP5, Cold Powering on surface 0.1-1 GW d.c. HTS

Where to intervene: > 1.2 km of LHC Works all around the ring

The HL-LHC Work Packages Collimation Project High Field Magnets R&D Matching section and correctors Study on HE-LHC gets wider support EuCARD2 WP on HTS dipoles HE-LHC Studies Beam Diagnostics Hardware Commissioning

LEP/LHC : the best use of the (renovated) existing infrastructure

Management WP7 Mach.Protection: R. Schmidt, J. Wenninger (CERN)   WP1 WP2 WP3 WP4 WP5 WP6 MNGT Management & Technical Coordination APP Accelerator Physics & Performance MAG Magnet Design CC Crab Cavities COL IR Collimation CP Cold Powering Coordinator Lucio Rossi CERN Stephane Fartoukh Ezio Todesco Erk Jensen Stefano Redaelli Amalia Ballarino Co-Coordinator Oliver Bruning Andy Wolski UniLIV (UK) Gianluca Sabbi LBNL (USA) Graeme Burt UniLAN (UK) Grahame Blair RHUL (UK) Francesco Broggi INFN (IT) WP7 Mach.Protection: R. Schmidt, J. Wenninger (CERN) WP8 Coll-Exp Interface: A. Ball, M. Nessi, H. Burkhart , I. Efthymiopoulos (CERN) Wp9 Cryogenics: L. Tavian, R. van den Weelderen (CERN) WP10 (Energy deposition): F. Cerutti (CERN), N. Mokhoff (FNAL) WP11 : 11 T Dipole : M. Karppinen (CERN, A. Zlobin (FNAL) WP16 : HFM R&D & FRESCA2 dipole G. de Rijk (CERN), F. Kircher (CEA) PLC chair O. Bruning Technical Cootrdinator H. Schmickler (CERN) Saftey, namely RP: S. Roesler (CERN) Resource-Cost-Risk Coordinator : P. Bonnal (CERN) FP7 HiLumi Administrative Manager: S. Stavrev (CERN) Dissemination and outreach : K. Kahle (CERN)

Technical coordinator Technical Board: define, with the Project Coordinator, his deputy and the Parameter and Lay- out committee chair, the technical baseline of the project, the accepted variants and the specifications. To this scope the TC will form and lead a Technical Board that will assess all the various technical systems proposed for the upgrade, their impact on machine performance and on machine availability and reliability. LR BB compensating wires (1st meeting 15 May). E-lens Assist the Project Coordinator and his deputy in evaluating the resource, M+P, of the technical systems and making the optimization. Remote Handling: Coordinate the various studies and development for tackling the problem of work on highly radio-activated areas and components: define a global plan, harmonize the various programs already going on, assure a coherent cost- effective approach, and promote the development of new techniques of remote manipulation and remote supervision/control. Assure the necessary link to the Safety Unit. And define the total cost and resource of such task.

Progress Use of CERN Machine Advisory Committee as HL-LHC SAC 1st Coordination Group HL-LHC/ LHC Exper. 2nd HL-LHC & LIU Joint Meeting Main News from WPs CERN Medium Term Plan (MTP, next 5 years) preparation and European Strategy update for HEP

Coordination Group Attended at the highest level (Directors & Spokeperson and TCs) Start organization of the Long Shutdowns (necessary for work planification and for budget request to agency). Request LS1.5 form Jan 2017 by CMS Request of 18 months LS2 in 2018 by Alice and LHCb Atlas sticks to the official plan Exp. Observations Actions Responsible ALICE Plan to continue data-taking during HL-LHC with Lead at 6 1027 cm-2s-1 and possibly with other ions Formal confirmation Precise specifications Preparation of accelerators’upgrade proposal Physics/CERN direction Experiment LIU + HL-LHC LHCb Plan to continue data-taking during HL-LHC at 2 1033 cm-2s-1 with 25 ns bunch spacing HL-LHC CMS, ATLAS, LHCb 25 ns is prefered to 50 ns (pile-up) Specify pile-up goal and then peak (levelling) luminosty CMS & ATLAS Next Meeting!

Status of beam characteristics at 450 GeV 25 ns bunch spacing is the baseline solution for HL-LHC. 50 ns is a back-up option if LHC cannot operate with 25 ns. Use of Micro-batches is a spare option to fight LR effects and e clouds. Quantification of injectors’performance Injectors already deliver qib~1.2 for 25 ns (qib~1.7 for 50 ns) After LS1, low emittance 25 ns beam with qib~2.2 could be available (1.15 1011p/b in 1.4 mm): can it be used by LHC? HL-LHC requires beams with qib~6. Estimated injectors’potential after upgrades is qib~4. Collider related Injectors’ related (qib factor normalized to «nominal beam»)

Conclusions In theory*, not totally impossible to approach HL-LHC request for both 25 and 50 ns, providing Losses and blowup can be reduced to “stretch” levels (25 and 50 ns) PS can run with higher space charge tune shift, nearer DQ ≈ -0.30 with 180 ns bunch length, and PSB can run with DQ ≈ -0.36 (mostly for 25 ns) PS longitudinal stability can improve significantly above present expectation (today at 1.7 1011 p/b, LIU baseline 3 1011 p/b, need 3.7 1011 p/b) (for 50 ns) SPS can increase brightness limit, to DQ ≈ -0.18 (for 50 ns) Also.... taking for granted that all planned upgrades are fully effective, and that single bunch limits can be approached with bunch trains…

HL-LHC Performance Estimates Putting it all together: minimum b* 6.2 1014 and 4.9 1014 p/beam Parameter nominal 25ns 50ns N 1.15E+11 2.2E+11 3.5E+11 nb 2808 1404 beam current [A] 0.58 1.12 0.89 x-ing angle [mrad] 300 480 550 beam separation [s] 10 b* [m] 0.55 0.15 en [mm] 3.75 2.5 3.0 eL [eVs] 2.51 energy spread 1.20E-04 bunch length [m] 7.50E-02 IBS horizontal [h] 80 -> 106 20.0 20.7 IBS longitudinal [h] 61 -> 60 15.8 13.2 Piwinski parameter 0.68 2.54 2.66 geom. reduction 0.83 0.37 0.35 beam-beam / IP 3.10E-03 3.9E-03 5.0E-03 Peak Luminosity 1 1034 9.0 1034 sufficient room for leveling (with Crab Cavities) Virtual luminosity (25ns) of L = 9 / 0.37 1034 cm-2 s-1 = 25 1034 cm-2 s-1 (‘k’ = 5) Virtual luminosity (50ns) of L = 9 / 0.35 1034 cm-2 s-1 = 25 1034 cm-2 s-1 (‘k’ = 10) 50ns beam option provides HL-LHC performance levels at ultimate total beam currents; only the ‘large beta*’ option reaches beam-beam limit; IBS growth rates are a concern!; low beta option has 50% higher performance potential (Leveled to 5 1034 cm-2 s-1 and 2.5 1034 cm-2 s-1) Events / crossing 19 171 340 95 2nd LIU-HL-LHC Brainstorming meeting 30 March 2012 15 Oliver Brüning BE-ABP

Progress from WP2 - APP A certain degre of reorganisation Clsoer work with the magnets for the basic choice of magent aperture New organistion on B-B task (led now by Alexander Valishev, Fermilab, wih the support of T. Pieloni, CERN) Active for accomodating LHCb request Proposal of a new absorber in front of D1 for lumi increase before LS3 (meeting 15 May) …

Progress from WP3 - Magnets Stidies for evlauation 140 vs. 150 mm Low-beta triplet done Strong coupling of LARP-CERN to make a common plan Entering of CERN also in the design- construction Phase

Progress from WP4 - Crab Cavity Desing: choice of 1.9 K cryogenics Reject by J-Lab of the polishing of the Lancaster produced Nb Crab Cavity! Done in CERN with some delay… The WP on Magnet Protection has started real work on CC with a first meeting Forming as team around Rama

SC RF Crab cavities in hardware mode…

Progress from WP5 - Collimators Slowing handing over from Ralph to Stefano (formally 1st Sept, for FP7 DS altready in act) Rexamiantion of the construction plan for LS1 Vigorous start of an integration study led by Stefano on the effective need and configuration for the DS cryocollimation (P2 as first? P3 and P7 may be not necessary?) …

Other WPs Sc test facility for 20 m SC link (variable temperature, 20 kA) is being commissioned at CERN. Agrement on Sc between CERN and IASS (Potsdam, D) Energy deposition, going on with the modelling, also for LHCb (TAS needed?) 11 T dipole demonstrator, 2 m single bore, near to be tested!

Preparing the EU Strategy update on HEP CERN is preparing the paper to submit to the EU group of scientists that are in the panel By July the propsal to the group (Machine and Detectors separateley, but connected). Physics motivation must be there HL-LHC should be first priority for the next decade R&D continued (started) in 2012 for HE-LHC In 2018-19 round of the EU strategy update the decisoj among CLIC/ILC and HE-LHC (and/or LHeC or LEP300)

For MTP 2013-2017: Project split into improving consolidation and full performance Improving conmsolidation Removal and change of the triplet Cryogenics Collimation Sc Links Fuil performance Full aperture low- beta triplet Crab Cavities Full cryogenics Full collimation

Possible (optimistic performance) in the twop scenarii

Halving time and Doubling time

Resource evaluation and splitting

Cost recap Improving Consolidation Full performance Total HL-LHC   Improving Consolidation Full performance Total HL-LHC Mat. (MCHF) 476 360 836 Pers. (MCHF) 182 31 213 Pers. (FTE-y) 910 160 1070 TOT (MCHF) 658 391 1,049

Material budget HL FP7 HiLumi 2012 2013 HL-LHC Project 12,535 17,069 Project Management & Technical Coordination 744 300 Accelerator Physics and Performance 170 250 Magnets for IRs (Inter.Regions and Match. Sections) 3,181 3,875 Crab Cavities (CC) 500 1,150 Collimation project Cold Powering 1,000 3,100 Machine Protection & Magnet QPS Collider-Experiment Interface 50 220 Cryogenics 400 1,450 Energy Deposition & Absorber 200 11-T Dipole Two-in-One for DS 3,010 2,860 Vacuum   Beam Diagnostics 570 Integration and (de-)installation Hardware commissioning Infrastructure, Logistic and Civil Engineering HE-LHC Studies 370 860 High Field Magnet R&D - FRESCA2 - FP7Eucard 2,610 2,234 2012 2013 289.4 291.8 10.0 36.6 12.2 212.3 18.3 0.0 2.4 The 0 in collimation means that its budget in 2012-13 remains under «Consolidation» For example Crab cavities this year will have 500 + 210 (FP7) = 710 kCHF to spend in 2012! Start of targeted resources for HE-LHC

Next HiLumi/LARP Joint Meeting 14-16 November in Frascati!!