Energy in Nature is connected

CELL RESPIRATION both Plants & Animals do this! They both have to break down macromolecules to create energy and release H2O & CO2 as products Remember the Tree diagram! O2 goes into the tree’s roots & H2O comes out of the leaves

FORMULA FOR CELLULAR RESPIRATION What are the reactants? C6H12O6 + O2 What are the products? ATP + CO2 + H20 You are now an expert on knowing Cellular Respiration in all organism!

formula for Cellular Respiration ATP Products of Cell Respiration Reactants of Cell Respiration

Mitochondria (organelle) where Cell Respiration occurs

The 1st Step GLYCOLYSIS The break down of _____?

GLYCOLYSIS (or breakdown of organic molecules-proteins, lipids) 1. GLUCOSE (C6H12O6) is split into two 3 carbon molecules called PYRUVATE (C3H3O3). Notice this is about ½ of the glucose formula? If glucose is split into 2 molecules, how many Pyruvates are created? 2! requires energy so 2 ATP‘S are used (borrowed) In the end, 4 ATP are made, for a net of 2 ATP’s H2 from glucose, is added to the electron carrier NAD+ to become NADH. So the PRODUCTS of Glycolysis are: 2 ATP, 2 NADH & 2 PYRUVATES http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter25/animation__how_glycolysis_works.html

Overview of Glycolysis Reactant Energy Borrowed Energy made products

NADH & FADH! ELECTRON TRANSPORTERS! Carry H+

Step 2 Krebs Cycle Pyruvate enters the mitochondria to make 2 ATP molecules NADH and FADH are made and help to generate more ATP in the 3rd step

Step 3 Electron Transport Chain What are we transporting? What was created in Glycolysis and in Krebs that has not been used yet? H+ ions from Glucose being broken down

Electron Transport Chain on the mitochondria inner membrane Remember NADH and FADH are electron carriers. Carry H+ The energy from passing along the electrons allows H+ to pass from the MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX to the MITOCHONDRIAL INTER-MEMBRANE SPACE EXTRA H+ will also combine with Oxygen in the cell to make… WATER

ATP SYNTHASE http://vcell.ndsu.edu/animations/atpgradient/movie-flash.htm The ATP SYNTHASE CHANNEL when H+ enters the ATP synthase channel 1 PO4 is added to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) to make ATP (adenosine triphosphate) The Synthase channel generates 34 MOLECULES OF ATP!

ATP Synthase Channel & the power of H+ protons http://www. stolaf

CELL RESPIRATION USING O2 http://www. mhhe

There are 2 kinds Anaerobic respiration 1. Lactic Acid Fermentation ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION (absence of oxygen) We don’t need no stinking O2! Some organisms don’t use oxygen. Sometimes our cells run out of oxygen when we use a lot of ATP doing work. There are 2 kinds Anaerobic respiration 1. Lactic Acid Fermentation 2. Alcohol Fermentation

Anaerobic Respiration Alcohol Fermentation yeast do this! begins w/Glycolysis –breaking down food to make 2 ATP, 2 NADH & 2 Pyruvate-C3H4O3 Pyruvate releases CO2 to become Ethanol (an alcohol) C2H6O Notice only 2 ATP molecules made

Lactic Acid Fermentation Our muscles do this! begins w/Glycolysis to make 2 ATP, 2 NADH & 2 Pyruvate Pyruvate is oxidized to become Lactate by the NADH NADH oxidizes to NAD+ and is recycled back to glycolysis. Notice only 2 ATP molecules are made.