PHOTOSYNTHESIS or Autotrophic Nutrition

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

PHOTOSYNTHESIS What does a plant need to survive? _________________ Which of the above is organic?____________

PHOTOSYNTHESIS Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert inorganic molecules into organic molecules. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical bond energy. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight into glucose.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis

PHOTOSYNTHESIS Electron Micrograph of a chloroplast

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

PHOTOSYNTHESIS Formula for photosynthesis:

The leaf

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

PHOTOSYNTHESIS Occurs in two phases: Light Phase Dark Phase Occurs in the GRANA in the chloroplasts Dark Phase Occurs in the STROMA in the chloroplasts

Light Phase/Reaction Occurs only in the presence of light Also called Photolysis Sunlight splits water into hydrogen and oxygen Also called Light Dependent Reaction

Light Phase/Reaction Drawing of Photolysis:

Dark Phase/Reaction In order for the DARK PHASE to occur, HYDROGEN has to be carried from the LIGHT PHASE to the DARK PHASE. This carrier molecule is called NADP. When NADP is carrying hydrogen, it is NADPH.

Dark Phase/Reaction Also called Light Independent Reaction Also called Carbon Fixation. In this phase, CARBON DIOXIDE from the atmosphere combines with HYDROGEN from the light reaction to form GLUCOSE. ATP is diffused from the grana into the stroma for the dark reaction.

Carbon Fixation Formula and drawing of Dark Reaction: CO2 + H2  2 PGAL  glucose

Factors Effecting Photosynthesis Temperature Light Intensity Availability of Water Elevation

Graphs for Photosynthesis

CELLULAR RESPIRATION Occurs in plants AND animals. Occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA and CYTOPLASM.

CELLULAR RESPIRATION The process by which energy in food molecules (glucose) is converted to a form that can be used by the cells (ATP). Can be AEROBIC (uses O2) or ANAEROBIC (does NOT use O2)

CELL RESPIRATION Picture

CELLULAR RESPIRATION ATP Adenosine Tri-Phosphate = ENERGY Comes from chemical bonds breaking The more bonds broken, the more energy made. Energy is stored in high energy phosphate bonds.

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION Occurs in the CYTOPLASM Makes energy WITHOUT using oxygen. Glucose is partially broken down. Also called GLYCOLYSIS or FERMENTATION. Produces: Ethyl Alcohol ( in yeast) Lactic Acid (in bacteria or human muscle cells).

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION Pyruvic Acid produced by the breakdown of sugars during GLYCOLYSIS

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION Formula

AEROBIC RESPIRATION Making ATP USING oxygen. Occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA More energy efficient than anaerobic respiration (releases more energy). Bonds in glucose are completely broken down.

AEROBIC RESPIRATION Formula: O2 C6H12O6 + 2ATP  Pyruvate  CO2 + H2O + 38 ATP O2

Steps of Aerobic Respiration 1. Glycolysis (Anaerobic Respiration) Makes pyruvic acid, which is then broken down Produces 4 ATP (gross)

Steps of Aerobic Respiration 2. Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) Produces citric acid, which is then broken down Bonds in the sugar are completely broken down, releasing CO2

Steps of Aerobic Respiration 3. Electron Transport Chain Oxygen is the final hydrogen acceptor so glucose bonds can be FULLY broken down. Releases H2O

AEROBIC RESPIRATION

CELLULAR RESPIRATION Lactic acid

CELLULAR RESPIRATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS

CELLULAR RESPIRATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS