Click on picture to play song by David Rovics.

Chapter 12 Sec. 2 The factory life develops (1800-1850) Sec. 2 Factories in the North Emerge

What will we learn? How did the War of 1812 help American manufacturers? How did the early Industrial Revolution change people’s lives? How was Lowell a model community? What were working conditions like in early factories? What were the advantages and disadvantages of the city life in the early 1800’s?

War of 1812 BEFORE the war, US colonists imported most manufactured goods from Britain… AFTER the war, the US was eager to build and manufacture their own goods. As Britain blocked trade with the US, Americans produced more goods themselves. Let’s start building!!!

Pre-Industrial Revolution Before the Industrial Revolution many people were: self-employed set their own hours worked in their own homes their pay was determined by the number of items they produced What if this was still the case? How does that sound?

Early Industrial Revolution Inventions, such as the Spinning Jenny and Cotton Gin, brought production from the home into the factory (factory system), and revolutionized, or changed, the economy of the United States, as well as home and family life. See Picture: The spinning jenny allows workers to spin multiple threads at once, not just one.

The Lowell Experiment 1822, The Lowell Experiment Francis Cabot Lowell “Why not combine spinning and weaving under one roof?” As you could imagine, the machines were powered by what natural resource? Next slide…

The Lowell Experiment What advantages could be gained by building a factory close to a river? Why is water such an important factor?

The Lowell Experiment 1822, The Lowell Experiment Francis Cabot Lowell “Why not combine spinning and weaving under one roof?” As you could imagine, the machines were powered by natural river water. Boston Associates A model community Built an entire factory town on the Merrimack River.

1840’s, The “Lowell Mill Girls” Women…ladies…girls…now become the breadwinners!!!

Child Labor Long hours At Work in the Mills Married women were expected to turn their pay over to their husbands, who could spend it as they wished. Daughters gave their money to their fathers and brothers. What about their education? Is this fair?

At Work in the Mills Children were working long hours and starting as early as the age of three. They worked in coal mines, spinning houses, the food industry, almost anywhere, and for little or no money. Kids were robbed of their childhood. Lewis W. Hine does an amazing job of proving that to us with the use of both testimonial text and photographs. Hines exposes the past which helps us understand the present.

Photography of Lewis W. Hines You will now examine six photographs from the early industrialization period, that offer a representation of life in urban America during the mid-1800’s. As you examine each photograph, try to imagine if this were the time period that you lived in! “A picture is worth a thousand words.”

The overseer said apologetically, "She just happened in The overseer said apologetically, "She just happened in." She was working steadily. The mills seem full of youngsters who "just happened in" or "are helping sister." Newberry, South Carolina.

One of the spinners in Whitnel Cotton Mill. She was 51 inches high One of the spinners in Whitnel Cotton Mill. She was 51 inches high. Has been in the mill one year. Sometimes works at night. Runs 4 sides - 48 cents a day. When asked how old she was, she hesitated, then said, "I don't remember," then added confidentially, "I'm not old enough to work, but do just the same." Out of 50 employees, there were ten children about her size. Whitnel, North Carolina.

A moment's glimpse of the outer world. Said she was 11 years old A moment's glimpse of the outer world. Said she was 11 years old. Been working over a year. Rhodes Mfg. Co. Lincolnton, North Carolina.

A family working in the Tifton Cotton Mill, in Tifton, GA A family working in the Tifton Cotton Mill, in Tifton, GA. Four smallest children not working yet. The mother said she earns $4.50 a week and all the children earn $4.50 a week. Husband died and left her with 11 children. Two of them went off and got married. The family left the farm two years ago to work in the mill.

Children on the night shift going to work at 6 p. m Children on the night shift going to work at 6 p.m. on a cold, dark December day. They do not come out again until 6 a.m. When they went home the next morning they were all drenched by a heavy, cold rain and had few or no wraps. Two of the smaller girls with three other sisters work on the night shift and support a big, lazy father who complains he is not well enough to work. He loafs around the country store. The oldest three of these sisters have been in the mill for 7 years, and the two youngest for two years. The latter earns 84 cents a night. Whitnel, North Carolina.

Faces of Lost Youth: Adolescent girls from Bibb Mfg. Co Faces of Lost Youth: Adolescent girls from Bibb Mfg. Co. in Macon, Georgia.

Growing Cities - positives Growth of factories leads to the growth of cities Attractions Circuses, racetracks, plays, and museums Fine clothing stores, china shops, and shoe stores Virginia City, NV In the late 1800s there were over 30,000 people in the city, and there were 6-story buildings.

Growing Cities - negatives Problems in the cities Today’s potholes were their mudholes! No sewers Streets were filthy Disease yellow fever cholera

What have we learned? How did the War of 1812 help American manufacturers? How did the early Industrial Revolution change people’s lives? How was Lowell a model community? What were working conditions like in early factories? What were the advantages and disadvantages of the city life in the early 1800’s?

Extra: Eli Whitney Cotton gin didn’t go so well Interchangeable parts Since all the parts would be the same, a broken part could be replaced by another, identical part. What a great idea! Saved time and money

The Industrial Revolution The Spinning Mill then… In the 1930’s Today

Then vs. Now Today’s computer explosion has been referred to as a high-tech revolution. Are there any similarities and differences between the Industrial and high- tech revolutions? VS. Which had a greater impact on everyday life?