Warm Up Briefly explain what ideas the philosophes gave to the U.S.. Locke - Social Contract, Natural rights Rousseau - Majority rules, popular sovereignty, Democracy Montesquieu - Separation of Powers, Branches of Government, Checks and Balances Voltaire - Civil Liberties: Freedom of Speech/Religion Take out your philosophe chart and leave it on your desk. I will come around and check them. Turn in worksheets (Enlightenment, Rousseau, Montesquieu)

Revolution and Constitution 7-2.5 Explain how the Enlightenment influenced the American and French revolutions leading to the formation of limited forms of government, including the relationship between people and their government, the role of constitutions, the characteristics of shared powers, the protection of individual rights, and the promotion of the common good.

Bell Work 9/30 What country has the oldest written constitution and democracy in the world? USA!!!!

How did the Enlightenment impact future revolutions? The Enlightenment inspired the American Revolution (A.R.) The Enlightenment and A.R. inspired the French Revolution. A.R. & F.R. were models for future revolutions, limited governments & constitutions around the world. Enlightenment American Revolution French Revolution Future democratic revolutions

How did the Enlightenment impact the American Revolution? Enlightenment ideas caused Americas founders to question and change an unfair government. American Rev. success proved Enlightenment ideas work Enlightenment ideas + new government = American Constitution & Bill of Rights

What is the Influence of enlightenment thinkers on America's constitution? Enlightenment Idea Effect on U.S. Constitution Locke’s Social Contract Our constitution is an agreement between the government and the people. Montesquieu’s Separation of Powers Three branches: executive, judicial, and legislative. Shared Powers The system of federalism as duties are divided between the federal and state governments Rousseau’s General Will aka Popular Sovereignty Creation of a representative democracy Locke’s Natural Rights and Voltaire’s Individual Rights The Bill of Rights

How did the Enlightenment and American Revolution inspire the French revolution? French citizens learned Enlightenment ideas equality and natural rights Some Americans (Ben Franklin & Thomas Jefferson) spent time in France sharing ideas with Philosophes. French soldiers, who helped during the A.R., learned why America was fighting. Independence, freedom, representative government They took these ideas back to France.

Constitutions

What is a constitution? A lawful document that places limits on a government’s power.

Why are Constitutions so important? They give a government their power to create and enforce laws to protect the people.

What do constitutions do? It outlines how a government operates and what a government can and can not do. Laws, branches of government, powers of each branch, etc. It states the relationship between the people and their government. Rights of the citizens, voting, free speech, etc. States relationship between local and federal government

Break Time

Types of constitutions

Constitutions can be legitimate or illegitimate Legitimate- a government has a Constitution and follows it Example: U.S., England Illegitimate- a government has a Constitution but does not follow it. Example: North Korea

Constitutions can be written or unwritten Unwritten- a collection of traditions, legal rulings and documents that make up a country’s set of rules England. Written- A written document of guidelines for the government. The U.S. Constitution was based on ideas of the unwritten English constitution. United States had the first written constitution

Constitutions can be “Positive” or “negative” A “positive” constitution emphasizes the roles and responsibilities that a government can perform, for example, providing universal education for all citizens. A “negative” constitution focuses on the limitations placed upon the government. Neither is bad or good. It is just how they are worded. The U.S. has a “negative” constitution.

What is America’s Constitution? Legitimate – Government follows the rules Written – Its written out clearly (It’s the 1st one of its kind!) Negative – It places limits on the governments power

What are the Bill of Rights for? To protect individuals’ civil liberties & limit the power of the government. 27 Amendments to the U.S. constitution. The first 10 are the Bill of Rights Inspired by the English Bill of Rights.

Bell Work 10/1 What kind of Constitution does America have? Legitimate Written Negative What does the Bill of Rights do? To protect individuals’ civil liberties & limit the power of the government.

Classroom Bill of Rights Step 1 Create 10 rights that a student should have in a classroom. On a separate sheet of paper with your group brainstorm 10 problems in a classroom. Then create 10 solutions for the problem. Use the term Students have the right…

Make sure they are mostly legitimate (a teacher will follow them). On the large sheet of paper decorate and create the Classroom Bill of Rights. Make sure they are mostly legitimate (a teacher will follow them). Recess all day, eating pizza in class, no homework etc. would be examples of an illegitimate constitution.