HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ITALIAN LaNGUAGE ИВАНОВСКИЙ ФИЛИАЛ РЭУ ИМ.Г.В. ПЛЕХАНОВА РАБОТУ ВЫПОЛНИЛИ СТУДЕНТКИ 3МО СИБРИНА КРИСТИНА МЕШКОВА МАША

You’re always hearing that Italian is a romance language, and that’s because linguistically speaking, it’s a member of the Romance group of the Italic subfamily of the Indo- European family of languages. It is spoken principally in the Italian peninsula, southern Switzerland, San Marino, Sicily, Corsica, northern Sardinia, and on the northeastern shore of the Adriatic Sea, as well as in North and South America

Like the other Romance languages, Italian is a direct offspring of the Latin spoken by the Romans and imposed by them on the peoples under their dominion. However, Italian is unique in that of all the major Romance languages, it retains the closest resemblance to Latin. Nowadays, it’s considered one language with many different dialects.

Development of the italian language The earliest popular Italian documents, produced in the 10th century, are dialectal in language, and during the following three centuries Italian writers wrote in their native dialects, producing a number of competing regional schools of literature During the 14th century, the Tuscan dialect began to dominate. This may have happened because Tuscany’s central position in Italy and because of the aggressive commerce of its most important city, Florence.

THE FIRST TEXTS: THE 13TH CENTURY In the first half of the 13th century, Florence was preoccupied with the development of trade. Then interest began to broaden, especially under the lively influence of Latini. Brunetto Latini (1220- 94) The "dolce stil nuovo" (1270-1310) The Chroniclers

THE THREE JEWELS IN THE CROWN Petrarch (1304-74) was an Italian scholar and poet in Renaissance Italy, who was one of the earliest humanists. Giovanni Boccaccio(1313-75) was Italian writer, poet, correspondent of Petrarch, and an important Renaissance humanist Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) was a major Italian poet of the Late Middle Ages

The "question of the language", an attempt to establish linguistic norms and codify the language, engrossed writers of all persuasions. Grammarians during the 15th and the 16th centuries attempted to confer upon the pronunciation, syntax, and vocabulary of 14th-century Tuscan the status of a central and classical Italian speech. Eventually this classicism, which might have made Italian another dead language, was widened to include the organic changes inevitable in a living tongue

The most important literary event of the 16th century did not actually take place in Florence. In 1525 the Venetian Pietro Bembo (1470-1547) set out his proposals (Prose della volgar lingua - 1525) for a standardized language and style: Petrarca and Boccaccio were his models and thus became the modern classics. Therefore, the language of Italian literature is modeled on Florence in the 15th century. Pietro Bembo was an Italian scholar, poet, literary theorist, member of the Knights Hospitaller and a cardinal.

MODERN ITALIAN It wasn’t until the 19th century that the language spoken by educated Tuscans spread far enough to become the language of the new nation. The unification of Italy in 1861 had a profound impact not only on the political scene, but also resulted in a significant social, economical, and cultural transformation. With mandatory schooling, the literacy rate increased, and many speakers abandoned their native dialect in favor of the national language

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