Unit 4: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Section 1: Energy in a Cell Where do living organisms obtain their energy? _____________- are able to make their own food Example:________________________ ________________- obtain energy from the food that they consume Example: _______________________ Autotrophs trees, grass, plants Heterotrophs lions, humans, animals

Section 1: Energy in a Cell _______ comes in many forms including _______, ____________, and _________ _________ can be stored within chemical ______________ the primary chemical compound used in living organisms to store energy is __________ ___________ or _______ Energy light electricity heat Energy compounds Adenosine Triphosphate ATP

Section 1: Energy in a Cell ATP consists of _________, a _____________ called _______, and _____ _________ groups ______ is released when the bond is ________ on the ___________ groups Adenosine 5- Carbon Sugar Ribose 3 Phosphate Adenosine Phosphate Ribose P P P broken Energy phosphate

Section 1: Energy in a Cell Once the phosphate group is broken the molecules is convert into ___________________ or _____+___ Adenosine Diphosphate ADP P Adenosine Phosphate Ribose P P P

Section 1: Energy in a Cell ATP is helpful with ___________ energy, but it is not good for storing large amounts of _________ over a long period of time For energy _______ cells use _______, which is a ___- ____________ A single molecules of _______stores up to ___ times more energy than ATP Cells can generate _______ from _______ as needed to transfer __________ transfering energy storage glucose 6 carbon sugar glucose 90 ATP glucose energy

Section 2: Photosynthesis Photosynthesis: Abbreviated: ________________________________________________________________________________ Formula= 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 PSN Converts the energy of sunlight into chemical energy stored in the bonds of glucose and oxygen Light Energy

Section 2: Photosynthesis Where does PSN take place? _______________________ Categorized as ______________ Location within plants- _____________ ____________________ In plant cells autotrophs leaves Stoma (stomata) Mesophyll cells

Section 2: Photosynthesis How do plants gather the sun’s energy? through light absorbing molecules called ______________ plant’s principal pigment= ________________ there are two main types of chlorophyll _____________________ When chlorophyll absorbs light most of the _______ is transferred to __________ it is these high energy ____________ that make _____ work Chlorophyll is located in the ___________ Pigments Chlorophyll Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b energy electrons electrons PSN Chloroplast

Section 2: Photosynthesis Chloroplasts ____________: where PSN takes place Consist of a ___________________________________ ______________________ ______________________(singular granum) Double outer membrane stroma thylakoids grana

Section 2: Photosynthesis The light energy within the formula for _____ enters through the light absorbing ________ called the __________ But where does the ____ and the ________ enter into the equation? _____ enters the leaf through ____________ ________ enters into the plant through the ________ or ________ PSN pigments chlorophyll CO2 H2O CO2 Stoma H2O roots Stoma

Section 2: Photosynthesis Stoma (stomata) _________ within a plant’s ___________ _____________ is the thick waxy outer covering on a ___________ ____________ and __________ are exchanged between the _________ and the ______________ pores cuticle cuticle leaf gases water plant atmosphere

Section 2: Photosynthesis Inside the leaf are a few layers of ______________ These contain most of the plants ________________ Mesophyll cells Chloroplasts

Section 2: Photosynthesis Breakdown of photosynthesis ____ main parts (reactions) _______________________ or __________________________________________ __________________________________________ In the form of ________ Location: _____________________ _________________ excites the ____________, which require a special carrier called __________ to carry the electrons to part 2 of PSN 2 Light Reaction Light Dependent Reaction Produces energy from solar power ATP Chloroplasts solar energy electrons NADPH

Section 2: Photosynthesis 2. __________________ or _________________________________ Location: _____________ Uses ____________________________________ _________ carried over from _______ to aid in building of __________ molecules Once ________ delivers the electrons then _______ is sent back to part 1 or ___________________ to continue the cycle Calvin Cycle Light independent Reaction Chloroplasts Energy from light reaction to make sugar (glucose) electrons NADPH glucose NADPH NADP+ Light dependent reaction

Light Reaction Dark Reaction Chloroplast CO2 H2 O light ATP NADPH Electron Transport chain Calvin Cycle ADP+P NADP+ H O2 Glucose

Section 3: Cellular Respiration Formula= C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy process in which chemical bonds of energy-rich molecules such as glucose are converted into usable energy

Section 3:Cellular Respiration Where do plants obtain glucose from? Where do animals obtain glucose from? Through the process of ___________________ Metabolism= _________________________________ ____________________________________________ PSN Dark Reaction Food Metabolism process where food is converted into energy and products needed for life

Section 3: Cellular Respiration mitochondria Location: _____________________ _______________________________________ But _____________________________________, instead it makes ____________________________________________ Where most of the cells ATP is made It does not make ATP directly from food ATP through many chemical reactions

Mitochondria Inner Membrane Outer Membrane Cristae Matrix

Section 3: Cellular Respiration Before cellular respiration can happen, ________________________________________ Process= _________ This is an __________ process, meaning it does not require _________ Breaks _________ down into ___ ________ These are _______________________________________ Food has to be broken down into smaller molecules Glycolysis anaerobic oxygen Glucose 2 Pyruvate 3-Carbon Molecules

Section 3:Cellular Respiration Overview: Glucose Glycolysis Pyruvate Pyruvate ***Then, cell respiration may begin

Glycolysis 2ATP 2ADP + P C C C 4ADP + P 4ATP C C C C 2NAD+ 2NADH

Section 3: Cellular Respiration Krebs Cycle Phase 1: ___________________ Begins with ________________ Waste Product ___________ Phase 2: ___________________ Similar to ________ Difference is no __________________ So __________________________________________________ 1 Pyruvate CO2 Electron Transport chain PSN Light photons Instead electrons are carried by NADH and FADH2

Matrix Inner Membrane 38 2 1

PSN Cellular Respiration Chloroplasts Animals Plants Light reaction Mitochondria ETC ETC= 2nd ATP ETC= 1st ATP Synthase Inner membrane sunlight Thylakoid membrane NADH and FADH H2O= reactant H2O= product Creates NADPH

PSN Cellular Respiration Calvin Cycle= 2nd Glycolysis Krebs Cycle= 1st Stroma 6 times NADPH→NADP+H Matrix ATP →ADP+P 2 pyruvate CO2= reactant CO2= product CO2 enters through stomata NAD+H→NADH FAD+H2→FADH2 ADP+P→ATP Glucose is a reactant Glucose= product