CASE 2 This is an interactive module working through a case from history to diagnosis. In “Slideshow” view, follow the hyperlinks into each lab/test and back to the main options. DO NOT SIMPLY CLICK THROUGH THE SLIDES USING FORWARD ARROWS AS YOU WILL GET LOST IN THE SYSTEM!!!! If you mistakenly click to the wrong slide, exit slideshow view and find your previous slide. There will be questions following your correct diagnosis as well as a worksheet to turn in at the end of the module. Remember to keep track of your expenses for the worksheet. CONTINUE

History An owner calls you about a beef heard of 100 head on wheat pasture with pond water. In last year, the owner purchased 30 new cows with calves at side. Natural breeding is used and the bulls are in pasture year round. At the last pregnancy check, the open rate was 50%. The cattle are vaccinated once a year with Bovi-Sheild 4 and are dewormed. The cattle have constant access to mineral blocks. The owner is hoping to only spend $100 dollars to diagnose the reproductive problems of the herd. Physical Exam

Physical Exam You visit the farm and the herdsman has pulled out a 5 year old cow, a heifer, and the bull for exam.   Cow (524) Good body condition. TPR within normal limits. Palpated 100 day old fetus. PE otherwise within normal limits. Heifer (617) Good body condition. Slight mucous vaginal discharge. TPR within normal limits. Palpated open. PE otherwise within normal limits Bull (427) Good body condition. No evidence of lameness. Appears interested in cows. TPR within normal limits. Both testicles distended and do not appear swollen. PE otherwise within normal limits. Back to History Test Options

Test Options CBC/Chemistry on serum from heifer Bacterial cultures Serology on serum from cow Toxicology Examination of sperm under scope Tritrichomonas foetus testing Back to History Diagnosis

CBC/Chemistry Panel Submit whole blood for CBC/chemistry panel -$100 Test Options Diagnosis

CBC/Chemistry Panel CBC/Chem Diagnosis SPECIES Bovine ANIMAL ID 617 SPECIMEN DESC Blood, clotted CBC/Chem Diagnosis

Bacteriology Submit Vaginal Swabs for Bacterial Culture -$48 Submit vaginal swabs for Campylobacter sp. Culture -$30 Test Options Diagnosis

Vaginal Cultures Bacteriology Diagnosis

Campylobacter sp. Cultures Bacteriology Diagnosis

Serology Submit Clotted Blood for Neospora ELISA -$8 Submit Clotted Blood for Brucella abortus Card -$4 Submit Clotted Blood for BVD SN -$7 Submit Clotted Blood for IBR SN -$7 Submit Clotted Blood for Leptospira Testing -$22 Test Options Diagnosis

Neospora ELISA Serology Diagnosis

Brucella abortus Card Serology Diagnosis

BVD Serum-Neutralization Serology Diagnosis

IBR Serum-Neutralization Serology Diagnosis

Leptospira Testing Serology Diagnosis

Toxicology Submit blood for Trace Mineral Panel -$44 Test Options Diagnosis

Trace Mineral Panel Toxicology

Sperm Examination Submit semen sample for microsopic examination -$50 Test Options Diagnosis

Sperm Examination There is an adequate number of sperm with no noticeable deformities and adequate motility. *Click picture for summary of semen exam. Test Options Diagnosis

Tritrichomonas foetus Testing Submit preputial scraping in Trich pouch for Trichomonas testing -$38 Test Options Diagnosis

Tritrichomonas Testing Test Options Diagnosis

Based on the laboratory findings, what is affecting the reproductive health of this herd? Campylobacter sp. Escherichia coli Herpesvirus (IBR) Neospora sp. Tritrichomonas foetus Back to History Test Options

Correct! Tritrichomonas foetus is a flagellated protozoan that is known to cause infertility and spontaneous abortions in cattle. Next Question

Incorrect- Campylobacter sp. Campylobacter spp. (Vibrio) is a common cause of infertility in cattle. In this case, the Campy cultures were negative making infection with this organism unlikely. Back to History Test Options Diagnosis

Incorrect- E. coli E. Coli is a common fecal contaminant that can be isolated from vaginal swabs. Isolation does not necessarily mean infection. Back to History Test Options Diagnosis

Incorrect- IBR Herpesvirus testing was negative. Review the available tests. Back to History Test Options Diagnosis

Incorrect- Neospora sp. Neospora spp. Testing was negative. Review the available tests. Back to History Test Options Diagnosis

How long does Tritrichomonas infection last in females? Days Weeks Months Years Continually shedding

Correct!! How long does Tritrichomonas infection persist in males? Days Weeks Months Years Continually shedding

Incorrect Try again

Correct!!! Given this, how would you recommend the farmer address this problem? Cull females Cull males Cull all Treat females Treat males Treat all

Incorrect Try again.

Correct!!!! The only way to increase the reproductive efficiency of this herd is to cull the males. A thorough semen examination should be performed on all incoming males to prevent any further problems. Females only shed Tritrichomonas foetus for a short period of time. Females should remain isolated from new bulls until they have stopped shedding. Continue

Incorrect- Treat Treatment of trichomoniasis is very difficult. Try again.

Incorrect- Cull Females only shed Tritrichomonas foetus for a short period of time. These females can be isolated. After shedding has stopped, the females can be introduced back in to reproductive program. Try again.

The End!!! Please complete the associated worksheet for this case and turn in to the IOR

Case Author Brian Herrin Oklahoma State University- CVHS