Chapter 9 The Old South, 1790-1850.

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Chapter 9 The Old South, 1790-1850

Old Farms: The Southeast The Chesapeake Tobacco depleted soil Switched to grain crops Began needing fewer slaves Some moved to manumit Some feared Black freedom; became involved in internal slave trade The Lowcountry South Carolina and Georgia Rice coast Task System Needed many slaves: population was 80 to 90% slave

New Farms: The Rise of the Deep South Short-staple cotton Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793 Allowed for expansion of Cotton Belt into uplands of Georgia and South Carolina Interstate Slave Trade By 1820, slave trade was well organized Growing southern business Plantation masters were elite of the South Southern families Represented families and tradition Code of honor

Cotton plantations very profitable Gang system Plantations commercialized; only one cash crop Material conditions for slaves improved; more humane?? In 1830, only 1/3 of southern whites owned any slaves

Southern Yeomanry “Subsistence plus” agriculture Produced livestock over plantation crops Mixed farming Marketed surplus at country stores Lived simple life with few luxuries Relied a great deal on family labor Barter system

Private Lives of Slaves Plantation success rested on slave-master accommodation Slave privileges helped to ensure obedience and order Slave marriages encouraged and respected Slave families were vulnerable Children often spread their affection across a broad extended family Slavery and Christianity Southern Evangelicals embraced slaves and considered their souls worth saving Slaves form their own churches Religion and Revolt

Slave Rebellions Gabriel’s Rebellion, 1800 Artisan Hoped for a republican revolution: “Death or Liberty” Planned to gather a slave army to seize Richmond Weather and black betrayal foiled revolt Denmark Vesey conspiracy, 1822 Free Slaves would rise up and seize Charleston Commandeer ships and make their escape to Haiti Gullah Jack Betrayed by slaves themselves Nat Turner revolt, 1831 Visions/ Moses Southampton County, Virginia Bloody, but unsuccessful, revolt ensued Southern whites deeply troubled by slave revolts

Southern Growth South did not take advantage of new technologies Southern governments made little internal improvements Commercial and manufacturing developed far less than in the North

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