Let’s Review…..Churchill’s Speech “A shadow has fallen upon the scenes so lately light by the Allied victory. Nobody knows what Soviet Russia and its Communist international organization intends to do in the immediate future, or what are the limits, if any, to their expansive and proselytizing tendencies” “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in some cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow” “The Communist parties, which were very small in all these Eastern States of Europe, have been raised to pre-eminence and power far beyond their numbers and are seeking everywhere to obtain totalitarian control. Police governments are prevailing in nearly every case, and so far, except in Czechoslovakia, there is no true democracy”

Notes # ____________________ Date: _____________________ 2nd Red Scare Notes # ____________________ Date: _____________________

A Brief Timeline of issues 1946 Stalin provides money to Greek and Turkish Communists to force change in power structures 1947 Truman Doctrine-U.S. supplies money to fight against totalitarian regimes 1948 East Berlin cut off from rest of City and Country by Stalin 1949 Creation of NATO to confront aggression against European/US States Communist Revolution in China Julius & Ethel Rosenberg sell secrets of the bomb to the Soviets; executed for high treason 1950 Alger Hiss, long-time U.S. diplomat accused of hiding microfilm in a hollowed-out pumpkin; accused of treason 1951-53 Korean Conflict; 1st major military conflict of the Cold War

Korean Conflict Ancient country the size of Mississippi located opposite of Japan Country had been divided since the end of World War II Division was the 38th Parallel Free elections held in the South-seen as a protégé of America in terms of democracy Puppet government set up in the North by the Soviets and Chinese North attacked the South for control All of a sudden, this little island is vital to our national security- policy of containment BUT, called “the forgotten war” and didn’t register for many Americans Actually was called a police action, because Truman never asked for a declaration

McCarthy & Nixon Senate Hearings House Un-American Activities Committee A junior Senator from Wisconsin Lied about his wartime record, smeared his opponents, drank to excess Found some old documents dealing with Communist spies Created celebrated hearings that destroyed lives Freshman Congressman from California Excellent debator but charm-free Went after Alger Hiss- everything Nixon hated Went after Communists because it gave him power In 1956, became V.P to Eisenhower

McCarran Internal Security Act Passed in 1950, it required ALL Communist organizations to register with the U.S. Attorney General These organizations had to turn over all membership lists Members were investigated for “Un-American” activities Many members lost their jobs and could be “un- naturalized” as American citizens

2nd Red Scare A sense of conspiracy soon developed The CIA had been created after WWII and was now in the spy business All Federal Employees were checked for signs of disloyalty Many organizations began to be black-listed as subversive Hearings broadcast on TV and many people had their reputations ruined overnight There WERE Communist spies everywhere BUT a feeling of fear was everywhere