Vaccines and Livestock Medicine Ladies Calving Clinic Vaccines and Livestock Medicine Stettler Veterinary Clinic

A little indroduction…

Vaccines & Livestock Medicine An outline: VIGOUR score Colostrum intake Tube feeding calves Scours Pneumonia Herd vaccination protocols

So you’ve got the calf out...now what!? Assess the calf!

VIGOUR Score V: Visual appearance of the calf I: Initiation of movement G: General Responsiveness O: Oxygenation U: Udder R: Rates

Colostrum: what is it and why is it so important? Colostrum: the first milk secretions from the mammary glands after giving birth, that are rich in antibodies. Baby calves are born completely ‘naïve’ Without the immunity provided in the colostrum, calves will be susceptible to infection and death Golden rule for beef calves *** 1 L of good quality colostrum Within 4 hours of birth followed by sucking from the dam, or another 1 L before 12 hours after birth ****

Saskatoon Colostrum Company Ltd. Making products from bovine colostrum For 20+ years Great resource/product to have on hand Trusted product, as there are many out there that do not provide the accurate amount of antibodies a struggling calf would need http://www.saskatooncolostrum.com

Tube feeding a calf 101 1. 4. 2. 5. 3. Measure the length of the tube Check your tube placement 2. Position the calf for tubing 5. Allow gravity to help you feed the calf 3. Place the tube feeder http://veterinaryextension.colostate.edu/menu2/Cattle/TubeDoc.pdf

HOST ENVIRONMENT AGENT

The Rundown on Scours -Scours defined -Causes -Assessment & Treatment on Farm -When to call the Veterinarian -Prevention of Scours

A Trip to the Vet…. Full physical exam, assessment of the percent of dehydration in the calf Hooked up to intravenous fluid therapy, +/- bicarbonate, glucose, vitamins Supportive therapy like heat lamps/blankets etc. Possibly the use of antibiotics, pain medications Feedings of milk: tubing or sucking Returning to the farm

Neonatal Calf Pneumonia complex relationship of the environment, host and agent. Usually it is the viruses that come into play, and then secondary bacterial infections which end up killing the calf Environmental factors such as overcrowding, stress, cold or damp weather can exacerbate disease Clinical signs: rapid shallow breathing, coughing, discharge from nose and/or eyes, may have high temperatures +/- antibiotics +/- vaccines

A Very General Herd Vaccination Program Calves (1-3 months of age, commonly at pasture turnout in a traditional system) i) 7 or 8 way Clostridial vaccine ii) Histophilus somni vaccine* iii) Mannheimia hemolytica vaccine* iv) IBR/PI3/BVD/BRSV vaccine* v) castrate bull calves/dehorn/brand if not done previously vi) Growth implant for steer calves (do not implant bull calves that may be used for breeding, replacement heifers should probably not be implanted as well) Calves (Weaning) i) 7 or 8 way Clostridial Vaccine ii) IBR/PI3/BVD/BRSV vaccine (modified live) iii) Histophilus somni vaccine* iv) Mannheimia hemolytica vaccine*

Replacement Heifers (at least 3 weeks pre-breeding) i) IBR/PI3/BVD/BRSV vaccine (modified live) (eg. Bovishield Gold FP5, Pyramid FP5, Express 5) ii) 7 or 8 way clostridial vaccine (eg. Covexin plus (tetanus), Vision 8) Breeding Cows (at least 3 weeks pre-breeding) ii) Campylobacter fetus (Vibrio) vaccine * (if using community pastures) Replacement Heifers (Pregnancy Examination: Post grazing/breeding season) i) Initial dose Scours vaccine (E. coli/rotavirus/coronavirus) ii) Endectocide pour-on   Mature Cows (Pregnancy Examination: Post grazing/breeding season) i) Endectocide pour-on Replacement Heifers (Pre-Calving: Timing is dependent on label claims of vaccines) i) 2nd dose Scours vaccine (E coli/rotavirus/coronavirus) Mature Cows (Pre-Calving: (Timing dependent on label claims of vaccines) i) Scours vaccine (E coli/rotavirus/coronavirus) (Cows require only single dose if they have previously received two doses as heifers)

Thank you!