Inflammatory/Valvular

Infective Endocarditis Infection of the innermost layer of the heart Usually caused by staph and strep Vegetations: stick to valves 7 result in emboli. Signs of this are; petechiae painful pea size lesions on fingertips or toes Roth’s spots on retina

Diagnostic Tests Health history Blood cultures ESR CXR Echo ECG Cardiac Cath

S/S Increased temp Activity intolerance: SOB Weight gain or loss Anorexia Dysrhythmias Murmur Heart failure

Rheumatic Heart Disease Chronic condition resulting from rheumatic fever. This scars heart valves

Mitral Valve Regurgitation P. 791 Most are caused by MI. Allows backwards flow of blood due to incomplete valve closure Manifestation: weakness, fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea, orthopnes, PND, peripheral edema, S3 WHAT OTHER CONDITION THAT WE’VE STUDIED DO THESE SX SOUND LIKE???????

Aortic Valve Stenosis Obstruction of blood flow from L vent to the aorta during systole. This = vent hypertrophy and increased myocardial oxygen consumption. This = lowered CO=lowered tissue perfusion and leads to heart failure.

Vascular Disorders P. 803 PAD: intermittent claudication, paresthesia, more likely to have CAD Management: Tobacco cessation Physical exercise Ideal body weight Plavix & pentoxyfylline Treat hyperlipidemia Surgery: with graft or amputation or popliteal peripheral bypass surgery

ABI with PAD P. 805 Done with Doppler Classifies mild , mod. or severe PAD

VENOUS PROBLEMS P. 816 Phlebitis Thronboembolus Anything that causes venous stasis Drugs: thrombin inhibitors (bivalrudin, apixaban, dabigatran, ) low molecular wt. heparin (lovenox or arixtra)

V for venous and A for arterial Vena cava filters P. 822 Chart p. 823 Leg ulcers V for venous and A for arterial