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Section 2: Climate and Vegetation Visual Summary Introduction Section 1: The Land Section 2: Climate and Vegetation Visual Summary Chapter Menu

Millions of years ago, tectonic activity formed the landmasses of Southeast Asia. Straddling the Equator, the peninsulas and islands of the region stretch from the Asian mainland almost to Australia. A study of the physical geography of Southeast Asia will explain its beginnings, its natural barriers of mountains and water, its tempestuous volcanoes, and its abundant natural resources. Chapter Intro 1

Section 1: The Land Physical processes shape Earth’s surface. Southeast Asia’s landmasses were formed millions of years ago by tectonic plate collisions and related volcanic eruptions. Chapter Intro 2

Section 2: Climate and Vegetation The characteristics and distribution of ecosystems help people understand environmental issues. The climates of Southeast Asia support diverse ecosystems and natural habitats, some of which have already disappeared or are endangered because of logging and urbanization. Chapter Intro 3

Chapter Preview-End

The Land Southeast Asia’s landmasses were formed millions of years ago by tectonic plate collisions and related volcanic eruptions. Section 1-GTR

The Land cordillera flora fauna archipelago insular predominantly resource Section 1-GTR

The Land A. Indochina Peninsula B. Malay Peninsula C. Annam Cordillera D. Ring of Fire E. Irrawaddy River F. Chao Phraya River G. Red River H. Mekong River Section 1-GTR

The Land Why is the Mekong River so important in this region? A. Source of life B. Dependable travel C. Both A and B apply A B C Section 1

Landforms Tectonic plate movement and volcanic activity created the landforms of Southeast Asia millions of years ago. Peninsulas and islands: Indochina Peninsula Malay Peninsula Section 1

Landforms (cont.) About half of Southeast Asia’s 11 countries are on the mainland; the rest are island countries. Island countries: Brunei East Timor Indonesia Singapore Philippines Section 1

Landforms (cont.) Mountains dominate Southeast Asia, creating geographic and political boundaries: Arakan Yoma range Bilauktaung Range Annam Cordillera Section 1

Landforms (cont.) Volcanoes: Many of the mountains form part of the Ring of Fire. 327 volcanoes stretch across Indonesia. Tectonic Activity in Southeast Asia Section 1

Which volcano’s eruption was one of the twentieth century’s most powerful? A. Krakatau B. Mount Pinatubo C. Gunung Merapi D. Gunung Semeru A B C D Section 1

Water Systems The rivers of Southeast Asia provide essential transportation routes of sediment deposits for rich, fertile soils. Major rivers: Irrawaddy Chao Phraya Red Mekong Section 1

The people in this region depend on rivers for which of the following? A. Transportation B. Communication C. Food D. Farming E. All of the above A B C D E Section 1

Natural Resources Southeast Asia’s natural resources are as diverse as its physical features. Fossil fuels: Petroleum Oil Natural gas Coal Section 1

Natural Resources (cont.) Minerals and gems: Nickel Iron Copper Tin Sapphires and rubies Pearls Section 1

Natural Resources (cont.) Flora and fauna: Rafflesia arnoldii Orchids Rubber trees Teak Elephants, tigers, rhinoceroses, orangutans Bearded pig, lacewing butterfly, Komodo dragon Section 1

Which country is a member of OPEC? A. Vietnam B. Indonesia C. Borneo D. The Philippines A B C D Section 1

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Climate and Vegetation The climates of Southeast Asia support diverse ecosystems and natural habitats, some of which have already disappeared or are endangered because of logging and urbanization. Section 2-GTR

Climate and Vegetation endemic compound alternate Section 2-GTR

Climate and Vegetation A. Shan Plateau B. New Guinea Section 2-GTR

Climate and Vegetation Which type of climate dominates this region? A. Tropical wet B. Tropical dry C. Humid subtropical D. Highland A B C D Section 2

Tropical Regions The tropical climates of Southeast Asia are extensive and support diverse ecosystems. A tropical wet climate dominates island South Asia, while most parts of the mainland and some of the islands have a tropical dry or humid subtropical climate. Southeast Asia: Climate Regions Section 2

Which city has transformed from a place of rain forests and mangrove trees to an urban area? A. Bangkok B. Singapore C. Hanoi D. Jakarta A B C D Section 2

Midlatitude Regions In midlatitude regions of Southeast Asia, humid subtropical and highland climates support a variety of vegetation. Humid subtropical The Shan Plateau has lower temperatures than the rest of the country. Southeast Asia: Vegetation Section 2

Midlatitude Regions (cont.) Highland—Myanmar, New Guinea, and Borneo Section 2

C. The mountains of Borneo D. Laos Which area in the midlatitude region is referred to as “tropical Scotland”? A. Vietnam B. The Shan Plateau C. The mountains of Borneo D. Laos A B C D Section 2

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Indonesia and Malaysia are leading producers of tin. A. Minerals and Gems Indonesia and Malaysia are leading producers of tin. Malaysia and Vietnam are rich in oil. Sapphires and rubies are found in Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. Pearls are harvested in the Philippines. VS 1

Begins in China and forms the border between Thailand and Laos B. Mekong River Begins in China and forms the border between Thailand and Laos Sediment deposits build up delta. VS 2

Plentiful supply of coal, oil, and natural gas C. Fossil Fuels Plentiful supply of coal, oil, and natural gas Malaysia, Brunei, and Indonesia export large amounts of oil. Coal comes from Vietnam and the Philippines. VS 3

Includes parts of Thailand and Malaysia D. Malay Peninsula Includes parts of Thailand and Malaysia Surrounded by Gulf of Thailand and Strait of Malacca Tropical wet climate VS 4

Surrounded by South China Sea, Gulf of Thailand, and Andaman Sea E. Indochina Peninsula Includes all of Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and Myanmar, and part of Thailand Surrounded by South China Sea, Gulf of Thailand, and Andaman Sea Major rivers of the region are located here. Humid subtropical climate in the north, tropical wet and tropical dry in the south VS 5

F. Mountains and Volcanoes Dominate the region’s landscape and create geographic and political boundaries Parallel ranges on the mainland Mountains on islands form part of Ring of Fire; some are volcanoes. Fertile, volcanic soil makes islands productive agricultural areas. VS 6

G. Island Southeast Asia Includes Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia, Singapore, and the Philippines Series of archipelagoes that extend from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean Many of the islands have not been named and are not inhabited. Mostly tropical wet climate VS 7

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DFS Trans 1

DFS Trans 2

cordillera parallel chains or ranges of mountains Vocab1

archipelago a group or chain of islands Vocab2

insular constituting an island, as in Java Vocab3

flora the plant life of a region Vocab4

fauna the animal life of a region Vocab5

endemic native plant or animal species Vocab6

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