Unit 5 Lesson 3 Human Impact on Water Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 5 Lesson 3 Human Impact on Water Indiana Standards 8.2.6 Identify, explain, and discuss some effects human activities have on the biosphere, such as air, soil, light, noise and water pollution. 8.2.8 Explain that human activities, beginning with the earliest herding and agricultural activities, have drastically changed the environment and have affected the capacity of the environment to support native species. Explain current efforts to reduce and eliminate these impacts and encourage sustainability. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 2

Water, Water Everywhere Unit 5 Lesson 3 Human Impact on Water Water, Water Everywhere Why is water important? Water shapes Earth’s surface and affects Earth’s weather and climate. Most life processes use water. Water is an important natural resource. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 3

There is lots of water, so what’s the problem? Unit 5 Lesson 3 Human Impact on Water There is lots of water, so what’s the problem? Less than 1 percent of Earth’s water is fresh liquid water on the surface. This small volume of fresh surface and ground water is a limited resource. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 4

There is lots of water, so what’s the problem? Unit 5 Lesson 3 Human Impact on Water There is lots of water, so what’s the problem? Urbanization is the growth of towns and cities that results from the movement of people from rural areas into the urban areas. Urbanization means that there is a greater demand for water in the cities. Fresh water is becoming a natural resource that cannot be replaced a the same rate at which it is used. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 5

Where do we get fresh water? Unit 5 Lesson 3 Human Impact on Water Where do we get fresh water? Earth’s liquid water is found as surface water and groundwater. Surface water is any body of water above the ground. Groundwater is water found in spaces in rocks or in soil beneath Earth’s surface. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 6

Where do we get fresh water? Unit 5 Lesson 3 Human Impact on Water Where do we get fresh water? Aquifers and ground ice are forms of groundwater. An aquifer is a body of rock or sediment that can store a lot of water and that allows water to flow easily through it. Rivers, streams, and most lakes are fresh surface waters. Millions of people on Earth depend on fresh surface water. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 7

What are water quality and supply? Unit 5 Lesson 3 Human Impact on Water What are water quality and supply? Water quality is a measure of how clean or polluted water is. It is vital for living things to have clean water. Water supply, or the availability of water, influences where people can farm and build cities. Many people do not have a water supply to their homes. Instead, they have to go to a local stream, well, or pump to gather water for cooking, cleaning, and drinking. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 8

Under Threat What threatens freshwater quality? Unit 5 Lesson 3 Human Impact on Water Under Threat What threatens freshwater quality? When waste or other material is added to water so that it is harmful to organisms that use it or live in it, water pollution occurs. Water pollution can be classified according to where it comes from. Point-source pollution comes from one specific site. Non-point-source pollution comes from many small sources. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 9

What threatens freshwater quality? Unit 5 Lesson 3 Human Impact on Water What threatens freshwater quality? Thermal pollution is any heating of natural water that results from human activity, such as the heating of water to cool power plants. The warm water can harm organisms that live in the water. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 10

What threatens freshwater quality? Unit 5 Lesson 3 Human Impact on Water What threatens freshwater quality? Chemical pollution occurs when harmful chemicals are added to water supplies. Two major sources of chemical pollution are industry and agriculture. Acid rain is also a form of chemical pollution. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 11

What threatens fresh water quality? Unit 5 Lesson 3 Human Impact on Water What threatens fresh water quality? Biological pollution occurs when organisms are added to water supplies. Biological pollution can expose people to disease-causing microbes. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 12

What threatens fresh water quality? Unit 5 Lesson 3 Human Impact on Water What threatens fresh water quality? Eutrophication is an increase in the amount of nutrients in water. Eutrophication can be accelerated when human activity increases nutrient levels in the water. The extra nutrients cause an overgrowth of algae and can kill fish and other organisms in the water. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 13

How is water quality measured? Unit 5 Lesson 3 Human Impact on Water How is water quality measured? Scientists can test water to find small quantities of toxic chemicals or harmful organisms in water. Water in nature usually contains dissolved solids. It is important to measure the levels of dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, dissolved solids, and the microbe content. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 14

How is water treated for human use? Unit 5 Lesson 3 Human Impact on Water How is water treated for human use? Water that is to be used as drinking water is treated to remove harmful chemicals and organisms. Water that is suitable to drink is called potable water. Once water is used, it becomes wastewater. Wastewater enters the sewage system, where pipes carry it to a wastewater treatment plant. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 15

Who monitors and protects our water quality? Unit 5 Lesson 3 Human Impact on Water Who monitors and protects our water quality? Public water supplies are closely monitored so that any contamination can be fixed quickly. The Safe Drinking Water Act is the main federal law that endures safe drinking water for people in the United States. The Environmental Protection Agency enforces this law and sets the standards that drinking water must meet. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 16

Supply and Demand How does water get to the faucet? Unit 5 Lesson 3 Human Impact on Water Supply and Demand How does water get to the faucet? The urbanization of cities is possible because fresh water can be supplied by water-supply systems. Water-supply and storage systems are expensive to build and maintain. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 17

Supply and Demand How does water get to the faucet? Unit 5 Lesson 3 Human Impact on Water Supply and Demand How does water get to the faucet? Water-supply systems change how water flows in natural systems, for example, by stopping rivers to build a reservoir. A reservoir is a body of water that usually forms behind a dam. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 18

How does water get to the faucet? Unit 5 Lesson 3 Human Impact on Water How does water get to the faucet? Describe what happens at each stage in the water treatment and distribution process. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 19

What threatens our water supply? Unit 5 Lesson 3 Human Impact on Water What threatens our water supply? In many areas of the world, demand for water is greater than supply. Increased demand can cause water shortages. Water shortages threaten human health and crops grown for food. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 20

How do efforts to supply water to humans affect the environment? Unit 5 Lesson 3 Human Impact on Water How do efforts to supply water to humans affect the environment? Efforts to increase water supply can affect the environment. When more water is taken from an aquifer than can be replaced, the water table can drop. This can cause wells to run dry, rivers and streams to dry up, and soil to collapse, or subside. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 21

How do efforts to supply water to humans affect the environment? Unit 5 Lesson 3 Human Impact on Water How do efforts to supply water to humans affect the environment? Increasing population can affect water quality. More people can lead to more pollution entering the water supply. More wastewater is produced and must be treated. Pollutants can seep into surface water and groundwater, possibly entering the water supply. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 22

Unit 5 Lesson 3 Human Impact on Water Death of a Sea The Aral Sea in Central Asia was once one of the world’s largest salty lakes. In the 1940s the rivers that fed the Aral Sea were changed to supply farmers with water for crops. Since then, the Aral Sea has shrunk to 10 percent of its original size. The sea is also heavily polluted, and dust blown from the dried seabed is a serious health hazard. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 23