UNIT ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How do emerging empires learn from others achievements and mistakes? LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What legacy did Greece and Rome leave for the Western world?

Mediterranean Sea OCALA

Early people of Aegean Sea CRETE COAST LINE Minoans Mycenaeans CRETE Island of Crete Traders with Egypt and Mesopotamia 1750BC-1500BC Mainland Greeks Traders with Egypt and Mesopotamia 1400BC-1200BC BOTH INFLUENCED LATER GREEK CIVILIZATION MYCENAE

Iliad and Odyssey Epic Poems about Mycenaeans written by Homer. Major influence on Greeks: religion, values and culture in general. Ideals of Honor and Courage from poems influence us today. NO! NOT HIM!

Achilles Vs. Hector - TROY (2004) - YouTube 10:00 MINUTES

For centuries after fall of Mycenaeans Greeks regressed: lived mainly in villages little or no cultural advances. Started developing unique city-states termed (polis). –Central city with surrounding villages controlling them.

(City State)POLIS- Two levels Lower level Upper Level (Acropolis) Walled city Market place (Agora) Theater Homes Public Buildings Temples to gods

Started with King holding central power- Monarchies Started with King holding central power- Monarchies. In some city-states(polis) landowning nobles took power- Aristocracies. Others Oligarchies-where middle classes merchants and traders took power. Small groups of business class.

Sparta and Athens Sparta developed military state with oligarchy control. Athens developed a democracy-where male citizens had vote. SPARTAN TEACHER CONERENCE

PERSIA Persia threatened Greek Poli and Greece united to stop Persia. Athens under Pericles took power and controlled other Greek City-States after war. 460BC-429BC Athens Golden Age developed direct democracy- large number of male citizens got vote on day-to-day activities.

GREEK GLORY Artists writers and thinkers felt events not driven by gods. Used reason and observations to find cause

Plato, Socrates and Aristotle develop new ideas of truth, reason, justice and government. New styles of art, drama and writing developed to reflect these ideas. This would be the standard for later European thinkers termed the classical style.

Alexander and the Hellenistic Age Philip of Macedon took over all of Greece. Died and son Alexander the Great (age 20) took power. Conquered most of Mediterranean World most of Middle East and some of India.

His conquests ushered in a blending of Greek, Persian and Indian ideas in Art, Mathematics, Science and philosophy termed Hellenistic Age.

Hellenism and Greek legacy influenced Rome and the rest of Western Europe. STOP AND READ RISE OF ROME

THE STORY OF ROME

ROME 509BC-476AD Were small villages along Tiber River Started rise to power in 509BC when pushed out Etruscans.

Developed government called republic-where officials are chosen by the people. Early Rome ruling class: Patricians-land holding upper class. As time went on Plebeians-common citizens co-existed and eventually won rights as Roman senators

Roman army expanded Roman power across Italy and by 270BC using power and diplomacy took complete control of Italy. 133BC Rome controlled from Spain to Egypt. Fairly merciful with conquered peoples. gladiator opening battle scene - YouTube

Roman power brought wealth through trade Roman power brought wealth through trade. Corruption took hold and ended with 100 years of civil wars off and on until Octavian took power as Augustus ending the Roman Republic and starting a Roman Empire

This ushered in the Pax Romana (Roman Peace) which lasted 200 Years.

Rome bridged east and western world Rome bridged east and western world. Took Greeks and Hellenistic ideas and brought them to the world. Most enduring influence came in justice and law which fostered unity and control of empire. Still with us today.

COLLEUSUEM A GLADIATOR’S STORY HOMEWORK READ THE FALL OF ROME 18-19

LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What legacy did Greece and Rome leave for the Western world?