Mapping Latitude & Longitude ©Mark Place, 2009-2010 www.LearnEarthScience.com

Let’s Look at This Question: How is latitude measured?

To get to the next line of latitude, you must move in which of two directions? 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 15 45 75 105 120 135 150 165 180 E F G H Latitude Equator

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 15 45 75 105 120 135 150 165 180 E F G H North South

Latitude is measured North South and from the Equator

Let’s Look at This Question: How is longitude measured?

Longitude 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 15 45 75 105 120 135 150 165 180 E F G H To get to the next line of longitude, you must move in which of two directions? Prime Meridian

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 15 45 75 105 120 135 150 165 180 E F G H West East

Longitude is measured East West and from the Prime Meridian

Let’s do some plotting.

Give the coordinates of the points below. Use Lat°,Long° format. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 15 45 75 105 120 135 150 165 180 E F G H D A B C

State the coordinates for each of the letters in the figure above: 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 15 45 75 105 120 135 150 165 180 E F G H 20°N, 75°E 65°N, 50°W 70°S, 15°E 10°S, 135°W

If you “zoom in” on a map, you can get more specific coordinates If you “zoom in” on a map, you can get more specific coordinates. These are listed as Minutes and Seconds There are 60 minutes in 1 degree and 60 seconds in 1 minute, but usually we will list the degrees in decimals. For example, the location of Monument, CO is 39°4’52” N, 104°51’45” W OR 39.5°N, 104.5°W

Give the coordinates of the points below. Use Lat°,Long° format. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Include degrees and minutes! D A B C

Give the coordinates of the points below. Use Lat°,Long° format. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Include degrees and minutes! 1.3°N, 6.5°W 2.3°N, 7.1°E 1.3°S, 6.7E 4.0°S, 4.3°W

LONGITUDE EACH HOUR, EARTH ROTATES 15° (360°/24hrs)

HOW MANY TIME ZONES?

HOW MANY TIME ZONES? 24 TIME ZONES, 15° APART

People on the same line of longitude have the same Local Time

Example: Two students record a difference in local time of two hours. How many degrees of longitude apart are they? 15° x 2 hours = 30°

Cartographer – A map maker Hemispheres – Halves of the Earth: North & South are split at the equator East & West are split at the Prime Meridian United States is in the North & West hemispheres

Imaginary Lines of Earth Latitude – Parallel lines, N & S Highest Latitude degree: 90oN, 90oS Reference line = Equator, 0o “Walking up a ladder to see an elf at the North Pole.” Or “Latitude, Flatitude” Longitude – Meets at Poles, W & E Highest Longitude degree: 180o Reference lines: Prime Meridian, 0o and International Date Line, 180o

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT): Greenwich, England is located at 0°0’0” Because of its location on the Prime Meridian, the world recognizes the clock time here at the Royal Observatory. Time zones are measured approximately every 15° from the Prime Meridian or GMT.

Compares Map Size to Actual Surface Map scale Compares Map Size to Actual Surface Shown as a Ratio Example 1:200 (for every 1cm = 200 cm) 1:1,000,000 1:250,000 1:50,000 24

Tilt of Earth = 23.5o

Shape of Earth – Oblate Spheroid flattened at the Poles, bulged at the Equator