American & 1798 Rebellion

Why did the Maerican Revolution Start? Enlightenment: educated people began to question old ways... New ideass NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION Americans thought it was unfair to pay tax, when they did not have any representatives in government Boston Massacre- British troops killed 5 locals Boston Tea Party- A group of indians disguised as indians onto British ships and dumped tea in water First Continental Congress- delegates from 13 colonies met in Philadelphia

War of independence April 1775- American troops ambushed Britihs troops at Lexington and Concord Americans drove British from Bunker Hill May 1775- Second continental congress met. George Washington was made commander in chief of army 4 July 1776- declaration of Independence ‘All men are created equal’ Wanted a president

Cont... British captured New York and Philadelphia British now winning Americans retreated to Valley of Forge Spent winter here in terrible conditions France entered war on side of Americans Oct 1981- British surrendered at Yorktown

Why did the Americans win the war? Frnach army were experienced and well trained G. Washington was a great commander in chief Guerrilla warfare

Impact of war Caused a revolution in France Returned to France with idea that King had not God given right France’s help- cost them alot of money. France now in debt and this made people angry Ireland- Revolution began to try to get equal rights

George Washington State of Virginia Inherited large estate of 10,000 British army Married Martha Dandridge Virginian representative on Frist continental Congress Commander in chief of army Won at Boston Lost at NY and Phildelphia Valley Forge Yorktown First president.... 8 years Retired Mount Vernon

1798 Rebellion Causes 1.Religious Discrimination- Protestants control Ireland. Catholics could not sit in parliment. Pay tithes. Presbyterians also felt angry 2. Poverty- Most were small farmers or labourers. Paid high rents 3. American & French Revolutions- Wnated Freedom and Democracy. Inspired by ideas sucha s Liberty, equality and fraternity

Events of 1798 Society of united Irishmen was founded. They wanted to unite all religions and equal rights 1794 united Irishmen was banned by Britihs Government Tone left for US Tone then went to France A french fleet of 143 ships arrived in Bantry Bay Bad weather meant they could not land Reign of terror-Pitchcapping-Half hanging

Events of 1798 Another rebellion in Leinster... Defeated Rebellion in Wexford- Led by Fr. John Murphy Defeated British at Oulart Hll, Enniscorthy and Wexford Town Defeated at New ross and Arklow and Vinegar Hill Rebels were executed

Events of 1798 Ulster- Connaught- Last Try- Henry Joy McCracken and henry Munroe led revolts in Antrim and down but were defeated. Connaught- Tone retuned with French at Killala Co. Mayo Victory for rebels ‘Races of castlebar’ Lost at Ballinamuck Last Try- French arrived with Tone at Lough Swilly Co. Donegal He was captured, he committed suicide

Effects of 1798 Act of union- No longer a parliament in Dublin. Ireland was ruled directly from NI Republicanism- More people were inspired by Tone and wanted a republic. Other followed suhc as Robert Emmet and later 1916 Rising heroes such as... Patrick Pearse

A Revolutionary Leader Wolfe Tone Dublin born Protestant Father coachmaker Married Matilda Witherington (16) Studied law at trinity, barrister Interested in politics United irishmen French help Bantry Bay Us Lough Swilly Death

Exam questions A supporter of a named revolutionary leader during the period 1770-1803 A named leader involved in a revolution Document 2000

Agricultural Revolution Before Open field system Disadvantages Weeds spread Animals strayed Fields left empty... Waste Seeds sown by Hand Birds ate them

changes Seed Drill-Jethro Tull Selective Breeding- Robert Bakewell Made animals fatter Land enclosure Fields were divided up into sections and fenced Weeds and disease could no longer spread Animals were locked in

Before Enclosure

After Enclosure

Crop rotation Charles ‘Turnip’ Townshend invented new crop rotation system Instead of leaving field empty he planted clove ror turnips Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Turnip Wheat Clover Barley clover barley

Consequences More crops were produced because of new inventions People lived longer so population growth Less people needed on land so moved to city in search of work..... Industrial Revolution

Industrial REvolution

Why did it begin in Britain? Population growth 6.5 million to 10 million Demand for industrial goods Huge supplies of coal to run machines

Inventions Spinning & Weaving People no longer made clothes at home Machines too big Factories were built Growth of cities----- urbanisation

Spinning Jame Hargreaves invented Spinning Jenny. Spin 8 threads at a time Richard Arkwright- Water frame Spin hundred threads at a time

Weaving John Kay- Flying shuttle Doubled speed of weaving Edmund Cartwright- Power loom Steam power to weave cloth quickly

Coal Mine Hurriers- carried coal from pit to top Trapper-sit at door to open and close to circulate air Dangers Could collapse Flooding Exploisions from leeking gases Miner’s Cough Poor eye sight and back pain Boys and girls carried baskets of coal Wome would drag cart by a chain Improvements Sir humphrey Davy invented Safety lamp stop explosions Thomas Newcomen invented steam engine to pump water out

Improvements Factory Acts Act 1833 because of Robert owen. Children under 9 could not work in textile mills People under 18 only work max 69 hours a week! Act 1844- Lords Shaftesbury... Women could no longer work 12 hours a day and should not operate heavy machinery Women and boys under 10 not allowed work in mines Children under 10 must get time off to go to school 6am-6pm... 1 ½ for lunch

Life in the city Moved from country Slums One roomed house No shower Porridge and steal bread Long hours Hair caught in machines No windows opened Children fix machines Hit or fine if talking or take a break Disease spread such as Tb and Typhoid Pub

Effects of industrial Revolution Growth of Cities Growth of Slums Trade overseas People exploited Trade unions

Transport Revolution Turnpike trusts- private companies who built roads and charged a toll John MacAdam and Thmas Telford imporved roads Strong Stone foundation Small stones Smaller stones and gravel Sloped for drainage

Canals & Railways Water transport was best way to transport heavy goods such as coal. James Brindley- first canal James Watt invented Rotary Steam Engine Richard Trevithick- steam locomotive that ran on tracks George Stephenson- First trai between towns and with passengers

Effects of Railways Fast, cheap and comfortable travel Clocks Newspapers Seaside Towns such as blackpool.

Exam Questions A mine or a factory worker during the industrial Rev A farmer during the Agricultural Revolution !! 1999 Q5 Industrial REV Q6 A Agricultural REVolution (2008)