South American Independence movements and growing nationalism Chapter 24 Section 1 and 3 (1805-1870)

Activities and doc review Partners: Text P684 #1,2 (Bolivar) NEW VISIONS: Nationalism Partners: Text P708 #1,2 (Chart – Causes of Revolutions) Primary Source Rdg: Proclamation of 1813 (Simon Bolivar) Historymakers - Simon Bolivar The Liberator Primary Source: Nationalist Speech (Otto von Bismarck) Primary Source: Proclamation of 1860 (Garibaldi) Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nFT9TsijPM (HAITI) Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jv3MaXk9yeM&list=PLq2-LdaU- ZntojgOzZuMsExtCgs14GAeI (Hidalgo) Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8HFiSUjEzVs (Bolivar) Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GxObcKxVNsQ (Martin – MUST SEE!!)

i) South American revolutions Chapter 24 Section 1 Who led the Revolutions? Why? Where? Touissant Louvetore Simon Bolivar Haiti Ven/Col/Equad. Father Miquel Hidalgo – Mex Hwk P681-86 (1,3,4) Jose’ San Martin Peru/Chile/Argentina – “Gran Colombia”

Spanish Caste System Part of Mercantilism: Establishing colonies for wealth and power of their resources. 2) Brutal on those at the bottom 3) Limited #’s Nat. Americans … why?

Haiti (1804) – “mountainous land” gains independence from France by revolt of 100,000 slaves; led by Toussaint L’Ouverture. Inspired by French Revolution. B) Argentina (1816) from Spain. Jose’ de San Martin. Later he continues on, achieving freedom for Chile (1821) C) Venezuela (1821) – from Spain. Simon Bolivar (brutal!) D) Peru (1821) – Simon Bolivar, assuming command of Martin’s army establishes independence. E) Mexico (1821) – from Spain. Begun by Padre Miguel Hidalgo in the church bells grito de Dolores (Cry of Dolores) ** Followed by Ecuador, Colombia, Panama ** Mystery behind why San Martin gave up his troops….BONUS!!

e) 1824 Gran Colombia (attempt at unification)

Ii) Nationalism’s Growth Chapter 24 section 3 What is Nationalism? How is it seen? What causes nationalism? Who are Garibaldi and the Iron Chancellor? Why do Italy and Germany matter? Hwk P681-86 (1,3,4) 692-97 (4,5,6)

Activities and doc review Partners/Team: Nationalism project – flag creation Geography: Languages Fuel Nationalism Connections: Bonds that create a Nation-State Youtube: Bismarck - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FRcNoegrINk

A) Congress of Vienna (1814-15) Held by European powers, to re-establish order, structure to society after the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars – and the downfall of Napoleon Established better balance, but only among the largest countries of Europe: 1) France 2) Germany 3) Prussia 4) Great Britain 5) Russia 6) Austria An early version of United Nations or European Union because it shows a willingness to work together Established countries sought to hold off a torrent of change and return to previous borders…what does this say about HUMAN NATURE

b) Italy - Giuseppe garibaldi (1830’s-60’s) Leads military efforts over decades to unite Italian peoples and expel others. Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E7BVo7fERTQ 1870, small states had been joined by Giuseppe Garibaldi to resist outsiders and seek colonial wealth/power (PRIDE!!!)

c) Germany: Otto Von Bismarck (1871-90) “The great questions of the day will not be decided by speeches and resolutions of majorities… but by blood and iron.” “The Iron Chancellor” Realpolitik – supports use of power to achieve means, removes messy values or ideals; a natural cousin of nationalism Does this remind you of anyone??? Machiavelli

Under Otto, engages in Austro-Prussian War (1866) and Franco- Prussian War (1870) to unite German States under one banner: Despite growth, Otto is forced out by ruling Kaiser Wilhelm II who seeks even greater territorial growth. Kaiser Wilhelm II would support militarism with keen interest in establishing a world-class navy… U-Boats! This would eventually lead to the Great War (I)