Do Now What is energy? How do we get energy? Do all organisms get energy the same way as we do?

Objectives Explain how different organisms obtain energy List the starting materials, process, and products for both photosynthesis and respiration. Determine what happens when oxygen is not available for cellular respiration.

Photosynthesis Video! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eo5XndJaz-Y

2.2- “Cells Capture and Release ENERGY!! 1. All cells need energy for the many functions that they carry out!

Types of Energy Chemical Energy- stored in bonds between atoms of molecules. released when bonds break Glucose= most common form, creates ATP (energy!!)

Types of Energy II. Solar Energy- energy from sunlight i. can’t be used directly, must be converted to chemical energy

Ways to get energy! i. Autotrophs: make their own energy Ex: ii. Heterotrophs: have to eat to obtain energy

Autotrophs go through Photosynthesis I. process in which organisms convert solar energy into chemical energy.

What do we need? I. Starting Materials: 1. carbon dioxide (CO2) 2. Water (H2O) 3. sunlight

II. The Process Occurs in CHLOROPLASTS 2. Requires the pigment chlorophyll to capture energy from light. 3. Rearrange molecules of water and CO2

2 Reactions Occur 1. Light Dependent Reactions: use light and water to make molecules of ATP (energy) and NADPH (helps make more energy). Oxygen is a byproduct. 2. Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle): use carbon dioxide and ATP and NADPH from light reactions to make GLUCOSE! *does not need light!

Photosynthesis Animations Light Reactions: http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/ltrxn.html Dark Reactions (Calvin Cycle): http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/calvin.html

Products a. Oxygen b. Glucose (C6H12O6)

Other Products Plant’s don’t immediately use all the glucose they make! -Stored as STARCH!

If leaves are the site of photosynthesis… what happens when leaves die and fall off for the winter? Read “Why do leaves change colors in the fall” and answer the questions. Finish for homework!

Do Now 1) Take out your homework “Why do leaves change color in the fall?”

Objectives To explain why leaves change color in the fall. To list the reactants and products of photosynthesis. To explain the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Practice Photosynthesis Worksheet By yourself or with a partner, please work on the practice with photosynthesis worksheet. When you are done, return to your seat.

Do Now What are the 2 reactions in photosynthesis? Where does each reaction occur? Write the equation of photosynthesis.

Objectives To understand the process of cellular respiration. To compare and contrast photosynthesis with cellular respiration To explain what happens when our cells do not get oxygen. To explain the two types of fermentation.

All Cells Release Energy! Aerobic Respiration = NEEDS OXYGEN!! - In aerobic respiration we use oxygen to help release the energy stored in bonds.

Cellular Respiration Occurs in MITOCHONDRIA! ii. Creates LARGE amounts of energy. iii. Process where cells break down glucose to give energy to their cells.

Reaction  

Starting Materials Glucose (C6H12O6) – from plants Oxygen – from breathing!

Process break the bonds of the starting materials and rearrange them to form new bonds.

3 Steps of Cell Respiration Glycolysis- Occurs in the cytoplasm We break glucose in half ( 2 pyruvates) We make a small amount of ATP Make NADH (used to make ATP)

3 Steps of Cell Respiration 2) Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) Occurs in mitochondrial matrix We take the broken glucose and make more ATP, NADH, and another molecule called FADH2 which also helps make energy. We also release CO2

Products CO2 H2O ATP!! (Energy)

Do Now What is the equation for cellular respiration? Where does cellular respiration occur? What is the overall goal?

Review from yesterday… What are the first two steps of cell respiration? Where do they occur? What goes in? What comes out?

3 Steps of Cell Respiration 3) Electron Transport Chain Occurs in mitochondrial membrane Takes NADH and FADH2 and makes lots of ATP! Uses Oxygen to make water.

Review! What is the goal of cellular respiration? What are NADH and FADH2 What are the 3 steps of cellular respiration Where do each of the 3 steps occur? What do you think is going to happen if you don’t have oxygen?

Partner Work You and ONE partner can work on the “cellular respiration practice” worksheet.

FermenatFermentation What is Fermentation? Without oxygen, cellular respiration cannot continue. Fermentation is the process by which cells release energy without oxygen. Occurs in cytoplasm. FermenatFermentation

Two Types of Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation- creates CO2 and “ethanol alcohol” and little energy - occurs in bacteria and yeast makes bread rise and alcoholic beverages Lactic Acid Fermentation- creates CO2 and “lactic acid” and little energy - occurs in muscle cells, yogurt, cheese *Both types break sugars down to small molecules. A small amount of energy is released.

Lactic Acid Fermentation