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Australian Government Geoscience Australia The 5th Edition of the Magnetic Anomaly Map of Australia, constrained by an independent dataset Peter R. Milligan, Brian Minty, Murray Richardson, Peter Percival, Ross Franklin Continental Geophysics Project Onshore Energy and Minerals Division Geoscience Australia Acknowledge co-authors as members of the Continental Geophysics Project.

Australian Government Onshore Energy Security Program (2006-2011) Acknowledgements Australian Government Onshore Energy Security Program (2006-2011) Continental Geophysics Project of Geoscience Australia Geomagnetism Project of Geoscience Australia for magnetic observatory data Geodynamics Framework Project of Geoscience Australia States and Territory Geological Surveys for airborne survey data UTS Geophysics ― acquisition of AWAGS data under contract Intrepid Geophysics – processing software Funding approved in 2006 – a plan was already in place for an Australia-wide survey.

Introduction – evolution of Magnetic Anomaly Map of Australia Contents Introduction – evolution of Magnetic Anomaly Map of Australia National Airborne Geophysical Database Australia-wide airborne magnetic calibration survey (AWAGS) Comparison of AWAGS data with airborne grid data Future developments Examples of use within Geoscience Australia projects Summary Outline of talk

1. Introduction 1st Edition, 1993 2nd Edition, 1996 3rd Edition, 1999 The latest index map of airborne survey line-spacings across Australia. Most modern data is acquired at a ground elevation of 100 m or less. Red is line spacing <= 500 m Purple is 2008/2009 acquisition by states and GA Pink is 800 m line spacing Light blue >= 3200 m Intermediate blue 3000 to 3200 m Dark blue usually 1500 to 1600 m Point out the excellent continental coverage, and the on-going acquisition program by the States, particularly recent off-shore coverage near Victoria and Tasmania 3rd Edition, 1999 4th Edition, 2004

1. Introduction 5th Edition of Magnetic Anomaly Map of Australia was released in March 2010 The latest index map of airborne survey line-spacings across Australia. Most modern data is acquired at a ground elevation of 100 m or less. Red is line spacing <= 500 m Purple is 2008/2009 acquisition by states and GA Pink is 800 m line spacing Light blue >= 3200 m Intermediate blue 3000 to 3200 m Dark blue usually 1500 to 1600 m Point out the excellent continental coverage, and the on-going acquisition program by the States, particularly recent off-shore coverage near Victoria and Tasmania

5th Edition Magnetic Anomaly Map of Australia 1. Introduction 5th Edition Magnetic Anomaly Map of Australia Specifications Grid cell spacing 3 seconds of arc (~80 m) 8.3 GBytes in 4 byte real ERMapper format 41,876 rows and 50,592 columns Only airborne-derived TMI data for onshore & near-offshore continental areas Underpinned by a database of matched TMI grids Updated method of matching the individual survey grids 795 individual grids matched & merged into the composite Resolution of each grid optimal for the specifications of source line data 27,000,000 line-kilometres of survey line data 8,000,000 line-km more than the 4th Edition in 2004 Independent AWAGS data used to constrain intermediate wavelengths The latest index map of airborne survey line-spacings across Australia. Most modern data is acquired at a ground elevation of 100 m or less. Red is line spacing <= 500 m Purple is 2008/2009 acquisition by states and GA Pink is 800 m line spacing Light blue >= 3200 m Intermediate blue 3000 to 3200 m Dark blue usually 1500 to 1600 m Point out the excellent continental coverage, and the on-going acquisition program by the States, particularly recent off-shore coverage near Victoria and Tasmania

4,200 km 1. Introduction High resolution 20 km

2. National Airborne Geophysical Database 60 years of Australian airborne magnetic acquisition by Commonwealth Government and States, Territory The latest index map of airborne survey line-spacings across Australia. Most modern data is acquired at a ground elevation of 100 m or less. Red is line spacing <= 500 m Purple is 2008/2009 acquisition by states and GA Pink is 800 m line spacing Light blue >= 3200 m Intermediate blue 3000 to 3200 m Dark blue usually 1500 to 1600 m Point out the excellent continental coverage, and the on-going acquisition program by the States, particularly recent off-shore coverage near Victoria and Tasmania

2. National Airborne Geophysical Database The latest index map of airborne survey line-spacings across Australia. Most modern data is acquired at a ground elevation of 100 m or less. Red is line spacing <= 500 m Purple is 2008/2009 acquisition by states and GA Pink is 800 m line spacing Light blue >= 3200 m Intermediate blue 3000 to 3200 m Dark blue usually 1500 to 1600 m Point out the excellent continental coverage, and the on-going acquisition program by the States, particularly recent off-shore coverage near Victoria and Tasmania

GADDS – Geophysical Archive Data Delivery System 2. National Airborne Geophysical Database GADDS – Geophysical Archive Data Delivery System 47,000 requests for data 2.3 TB of zipped data delivered 130,000 separate datasets 7,200 unique clients (14% increase from 09) www.geoscience.gov.au/gadds Total download volume per month (MB) 1st Edition Radiometric Map released The latest index map of airborne survey line-spacings across Australia. Most modern data is acquired at a ground elevation of 100 m or less. Red is line spacing <= 500 m Purple is 2008/2009 acquisition by states and GA Pink is 800 m line spacing Light blue >= 3200 m Intermediate blue 3000 to 3200 m Dark blue usually 1500 to 1600 m Point out the excellent continental coverage, and the on-going acquisition program by the States, particularly recent off-shore coverage near Victoria and Tasmania

Survey line spacings 2. National Airborne Geophysical Database The latest index map of airborne survey line-spacings across Australia. Most modern data is acquired at a ground elevation of 100 m or less. Red is line spacing <= 500 m Purple is 2008/2009 acquisition by states and GA Pink is 800 m line spacing Light blue >= 3200 m Intermediate blue 3000 to 3200 m Dark blue usually 1500 to 1600 m Point out the excellent continental coverage, and the on-going acquisition program by the States, particularly recent off-shore coverage near Victoria and Tasmania

2. National Airborne Geophysical Database The latest index map of airborne survey line-spacings across Australia. Most modern data is acquired at a ground elevation of 100 m or less. Red is line spacing <= 500 m Purple is 2008/2009 acquisition by states and GA Pink is 800 m line spacing Light blue >= 3200 m Intermediate blue 3000 to 3200 m Dark blue usually 1500 to 1600 m Point out the excellent continental coverage, and the on-going acquisition program by the States, particularly recent off-shore coverage near Victoria and Tasmania

Height (metres) above ground surface 2. National Airborne Geophysical Database 60 m 80 m 100 m 150 m ≥300m The latest index map of airborne survey line-spacings across Australia. Most modern data is acquired at a ground elevation of 100 m or less. Red is line spacing <= 500 m Purple is 2008/2009 acquisition by states and GA Pink is 800 m line spacing Light blue >= 3200 m Intermediate blue 3000 to 3200 m Dark blue usually 1500 to 1600 m Point out the excellent continental coverage, and the on-going acquisition program by the States, particularly recent off-shore coverage near Victoria and Tasmania Height (metres) above ground surface

~ 800 surveys are merged using statistics of boundary overlaps 2. National Airborne Geophysical Database The latest index map of airborne survey line-spacings across Australia. Most modern data is acquired at a ground elevation of 100 m or less. Red is line spacing <= 500 m Purple is 2008/2009 acquisition by states and GA Pink is 800 m line spacing Light blue >= 3200 m Intermediate blue 3000 to 3200 m Dark blue usually 1500 to 1600 m Point out the excellent continental coverage, and the on-going acquisition program by the States, particularly recent off-shore coverage near Victoria and Tasmania 400 km ~ 800 surveys are merged using statistics of boundary overlaps

3. Australia-wide Airborne Geophysical Survey (AWAGS) Data acquired as part of the Australian Government’s Onshore Energy Security Program in 2007 Line spacing 75 km The AWAGS Project The Australia-wide Airborne Geophysical Survey (AWAGS) project acquired both total-field magnetic and gamma-ray spectrometric data across Australia in 2007, with N-S lines spaced 75 km apart, E-W ties spaced 400 km apart (along the 1:1m map sheet boundaries), and 80 m nominal terrain clearance. The survey was carefully designed so that the minimum length of 400 km for all lines enables the intermediate crustal wavelengths across Australia to be measured. However, accurate spatial crustal magnetic data depend upon accurate removal of time variations of the Earth’s magnetic field, which occur with a continuous spectrum from very short (fractions of a second) (pulsations) to very long (daily variation) periods, and also vary in space, due to both source-field effects and induction effects.. These time variations were recorded at pairs of ground sites, concurrently with the airborne acquisition, and supplemented by geomagnetic observatory and other data. Point out the coloured 1:1m acquisition areas, the observatories and base-stations. 2 N-S lines per 1:250 000 map sheet, which is a basic acquisition unit of the regular airborne surveys. 400 km Long lines (> 400 km) flown N-S in 1m map sheet blocks, with two lines per 1:250 000 map sheet “Diurnal” control from temporary ground magnetometer sites and geomagnetic observatories

AWAGS field acquisition CRESCO-08-600 series aircraft at Canberra Airport, range 2550 km, with Geometrics Cesium Vapour G822A magnetometer in stinger. Operated by UTS Geophysics. Two aspects of field data acquisition. Airborne and ground. Point out the duplication of instruments to ensure against loss of data, and that it was critical that they recorded for 24 hours per day, so that the midnight quiet values could be measured, when the time-varying current effects are minimal. Ground magnetometers at Grafton airport. Geometrix 856AX proton, Scintrex Envimag proton and Bartington 3-component fluxgate.

5. Derivative Products Variable RTP Half VD Tilt derivative Analytic Signal

6. Examples Onshore Energy Security Program (2006-2011) Geodynamic Framework Project areas

Inversion results coarse 3D map inversion 6. Examples Northwest Queensland (Chopping et al.) Inversion results coarse 3D map inversion

Inversion results coarse 3D map inversion: slice at 2 km depth 6. Examples Inversion results coarse 3D map inversion: slice at 2 km depth

Inversion results coarse 3D map inversion: slice at 30 km depth 6. Examples Inversion results coarse 3D map inversion: slice at 30 km depth

6. Examples

6. Examples Uninterpreted (middle) and interpreted (upper) versions of North Queensland deep seismic reflection line 07GA-IG1, and the magnetotelluric model for the line (lower panel).

National Maps and Data Standards Project 6. Examples Mapping under cover of the Davenport Province (1830-1800 Ma), Northern Territory, using half vertical derivative reduced to the pole (Stewart, 2011) National Maps and Data Standards Project Trebles the known size 150 km

6. Examples Depth to magnetic basement of the Gawler-Curnamona region, South Australia (Meixner, 2010)

Shallow Crustal Elements based on National Magnetics Grid 6. Examples Major Crustal Divisions Shallow Crustal Elements based on National Magnetics Grid Map of Australian Crustal Elements (Shaw, 1995)

7. Summary The 5th Edition of the Magnetic Anomaly Map of Australia released in 2010 A method has been developed for the removal of time variations from AWAGS calibration survey data AWAGS data provides a reference data set to constrain intermediate wavelengths of the magnetic field across Australia A suite of derivative products is being developed for release Data available from gadds download site: http://www.geoscience.gov.au/gadds/