Effect Alcohol Marijuana Cocaine Heroin Tobacco Low Birth Weight √   Impaired Growth Facial Malformation Small Head Development Delay Hyperactivity Sleeping Problems Poor Feeding Excessive Crying Risk of Cot Death Organ Damage Respiratory Issues

Problems & Concerns: 0-2 Years Sleep disturbances, poor wake/sleep cycle Poor sucking responses Delayed toilet training Failure to thrive Difficulty in following directions Delays in walking and talking Temper tantrums and disobedience Distractibility Sensory Issues Sensory Processing Problem Hyperactive Ritualistic Behaviour   Learning Issues Problems & Concerns: 7-11 Years Problems & Concerns: 12-18 Years Easily influenced Lying, stealing, passivity to requests Have difficulty predicting or understanding Faulty logic consequences Difficulty comprehending and reacting Appearance of capability without actual ability appropriately to others feelings and needs Difficulty separating fact from fiction Low motivation Temper tantrums, lying, stealing, Low self esteem disobedience, defiance of authority Academic Ceiling (spiky profile) Delayed physical and cognitive skills Concerns of jobs, housing, Poor comprehension of social rules and relationships, money expectations

Common Problems in EYSF Common Problems in KS1 • Poor fine motor skills • Phonics • Inability to sit still • Handwriting • Play alongside not with other children • Looking at blackboard, looking down at paper • Temper tantrums • Sitting still for longer • Inability to follow instructions • Social expectations Common Problems in KS2 • Lunchtime and playtimes • Maths – more abstract • Following class instructions • More abstract concepts and thinking • Lining up, sitting on the carpet • Time and Money Common Problems in KS3 • Changing for PE • Planning and organising themselves • Unstructured times • Getting around school • Social Interaction • Sexualised Behaviour Common Problems in KS4 • Social interaction; classroom and playground • GCSE choices • Changing teachers, rooms, expectations • Exams – may need longer • Concept of time • Sexualised behaviour • The Internet World • What next? • Lack of independent life skills

Reframing Acting like a child -> Is a child Won’t -> Can’t Lazy and doesn’t try -> Exhausted with trying Doesn’t care -> Doesn’t understand feelings Refuses to sit still -> Over stimulated / needs contact Forgets everything -> Can’t remember Fussy, demanding -> Hypersensitive Steals -> Doesn’t understand ownership Doesn’t get the obvious -> Doesn’t learn from experience Calculating and sly -> Doesn’t understand social norms General Strategies Routine / Structure – a caring and consistent environment Tell them what you want them to do, not what you do not want them to do 3Rs - Repetition, Repetition, Repetition. Rhythm Small Group work Buddy / Friendship Circle / Role Models Pre-Teach / Social Stories Minimise transitions – give clear que to transitions Movement, Music, Drama, Show not Tell